Ethical Discovery Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Discovery Paper - Essay ExampleI did not micturate that lack of my understanding was hurting her, because she has always tried to make me happy. Recently I began to rethink the size ableness of parents in my life. This realization came to me after I was told a few real-life stories based on parental self-sacrifice. matchless of these amazing stories had a special impression on me.Despite doctors assurances that she will never be able to become pregnant, 41-year-old Stacy Krimm wanted to have children. Finally, her dream came true, but then she learned that she had cancer. She refused chemotherapy so her child could be born hale. A few months after the pessimistic forecasts of her doctors, the woman learned that she was pregnant. However, in July she was diagnosed with cancer. Stacy had to choose amongst chemotherapy that could save or at least prolong her life and health of the unborn child. The woman chose the health of her future daughter. In August, after Stacy had had a seizure and her heart stopped, the doctors decided to make a caesarean delivery section and remove the child whose weight at that time was less than a kilogram. The girl was placed in the neonatal intensive care unit. The doctors told Stacys family and friends that she was dying. It was decided that a woman could see her child - for the first time. The girl who was named Dottie, was taken to hospital, where Stacy were laying, and put on the mothers breast. The mother and her child were looking at from each one other for a few minutes. The woman smiled. Three days after, Krimm Stacy died. Stacys brother, Ray Phillips, took a healthy baby girl to his home, and she lives with his family right away.This story made me look at parental duty with different eyes. Firstly, now I understand that my parents are willing to give even their life for my salvation. Now I whop that love is the main cause of the deepest anxiety of my parents for my future happiness and well-being in my fut ure family. agnate love - this is what should be cherished.

300 word essay, history of history 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

300 word , history of history 4 - Essay ExampleIV concentrated on fighting the Romans and the Spaniards5, and neglected his duties and vows as the Pope and his expectations as a Church leader6. However, soon, due(p) to certain events7, he underwent a radical shift in his approach towards his office, and from then onwards, expended every his efforts and all his life in establishing rules and practices that were aimed at reviving the lost spirit of the Church8. Renke cites several examples of the reforms that Paul IV introduced as part of his reforms, such as reinstituting the government officials and clergy9, and making the practices of the Church more strict and binding upon the unexclusive as well as the clergy10.Renke writes in a very theatrical entitle11, and presents the history of Papacy with a lot of earnest and interest, which is evident through his writing. However, he merely presents his own opinions nigh the events that occurred, and his own perceptions about the actio ns of the Pope and other individuals whom he has mentioned in his book12, rather than citing the incidences themselves and leaving the judgment and conclusion to the readers. Therefore, his writing style is clearly biased towards a certain standpoint, and his writing cannot be claimed to be critical or uninflected in nature. It is, nevertheless, quite entertaining and absorbing, and makes the reading of historical anecdotes quite interesting to the general

Human Services using technology to overcome barriers Essay

Human Services using technology to overcome barriers - Essay exemplificationImpediments whitethorn arise on the planning, funding, empowerment and in the execution of the service and these obstacles differ from a certain(prenominal) kind of human service to another. Obstacles may have different faces on each and every lineament of human service clientele but the barrier that gives the one of the most substantial effects is the enrolment to the elan in a certain demographic. Say for example, hoi polloi who were born during the baby boomer decimal point which is between 1946 and 1964 have contributed to a significant increase in the United States population during that epoch. And ever since the get weaving of the baby boomer period, most companies and businesses have been using the age bracket as a trend to which product or service will benefit the big lot of the population and would also ask to them considerable profits. It goes the same way with human services, the rising n umber of a particular age assembly compels human service providers the need to expand and improve their services to be able to accommodate this demographic. If you play the course of instructions, the tidy sum born during the baby boomer period ar now retired professionals or those who are already bidding for retirement. More and more people in the United States are getting older by the minute, meaning that these people are now prone to a rapid loss of cognition and fleshly handicap. Lets take a look at the case of sidewalks and transit. In a youthful news report, the aging boomers have been causing considerable traffic along sidewalks and local transit that were built for the younger ones. This has been a challenge for most cities in America because their communities are designed for a youth-oriented society. in that respect have been local initiatives for some cities like New York who is now recognized by World wellness Organization as a leader in promoting age-friendly communities. Other cities have also followed the footsteps of New York. Philadelphia aims to compel a walk-able community which can help older adults to be healthier. In Portland, Oregon, there has been planning for new zoning policies to fit senior citizens concerns. In this situation we might be asking, how is the US sacking to cope up in this situation better than relying on mere local initiatives? The answer is sustaining and empowerment. This may be the second barrier identified in this particular type human service. By the year 2050, 20% of the American population will be seniors. And across the globe, roughly 2 billion people will be 60 years old or older and 400 million of them are over the age of 80. The United States should prepare for this situation and should promote an environment that would allow the older people to participate. Another barrier that human services might be facing for a long time is the financial structure of these types of organizations. The eagernes s of human service organizations to improve the services they offer may not be equivalent to the actual financial resources they have. To be able to increase their efficiency and

Personal essay for pharm cas Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

in-person for pharm cas - Essay Examplethat my parents are not omniscient healers the ability of their diagnostic and therapeutic skills to defeat ailment is almost totally dependent on the tools at their disposal, and these tools are predominantly drugs. The miracle of medical science itself is undoubtedly founded on the preparation and accurate dispensation of drugs. It is chemists which is medical sciences fighting arm. My fascination with pharmacy dates back to this realization and has slowly, but surely, led me to a point in my life at which I am absolutely confident that pharmacy is the career path I want to follow.My choice of pharmacy as a career has been reinforced by my deep admiration for my aunt, who is a renowned druggist in Jordan, where I spent the major part of my childhood. Pharmacies in Jordan are run along the lines of traditional community pharmacies, in which the pharmacist plays a major role as counselor and friend to her customers. The pharmacist is urged to independently prescribe drugs for sundry aches and ailments, dispenses advice as well as drugs and strongly influences the customers choices. I spent some time assisting my aunt and was deeply impressed by the warmth of her personality, combined with her condition approach to the use of drugs. She has become my role model. My personal background has do me aware that impeccable educational qualifications are a prerequisite to any career. My family has also impressed on me the relevance of a make believe ethic which combines hard work with the efficient organization of time, but still retains some space for compassion. This has made me a dedicated student with a good academic record. At the same time, my love of interpersonal interaction has mired me in the community and student life of my school. I am particularly involved in the student government and tremendously enjoy my role as student instructor. I conceptualize that academic success is the result of hard work and also a passionate belief that the bailiwick one has chosen

Materialism as a Worldview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

physicalism as a Worldview - adjudicate ExampleReducing the debate simply to stuffism and idealism therefore, the materialist hypothesis is that all existence is an unbroken, material continuum from its origins in ancient Greece to the mind-brain materialism of the modern times (Vitzthum, 1995). materialism as a worldview appears to be normal in society today.Materialism began in the 18th century (McConnell, 2003). The leading scientists of that time suffered cognitive stochasticity between the beliefs of the many religious sects which then existed along with their own scientific discoveries (McConnell, 2003). They relieved their discomfort by agreeing among themselves that religion was unnecessary. Unfortunately, the amorality of materialism was so attractive to lesser intellectuals, who lacked the status to question the leaders. The same was true to businessmen, who could affair materialism to justify exorbitant profits that it has become a defining feature of the culture (Mc Connell, 2003).Materialism and its theories can be traced as far back as the poem, The Nature of Things, written in the offset century B.C. by Lucretius (Materialism what motions, 2007) to the more recent research done by Richard Vitzthum (1996), An Affirmative account statement and Definition.The doctrine of materialism was formulated as early as the 4th century B.C. by Democritus, in whose system of atomism all phenomena are explained by atoms and their motions in space (Armstrong, 1984). Other early Grecian teaching, such as that of Epicurus and Stoicism, also conceived of reality as material in its nature. The theory was later renew in the 17th century by Pierre Gassendi and Thomas Hobbes, who believed that the sphere of consciousness essentially belongs to the corporate world, or to the senses (Armstrong, 1984).Later, the investigations of John Locke were adapted to materialist positions by David Hartley and Joseph Priestley. They were a part of the materialist developmen t of the 18th century powerfully manifested in France, where the most extreme thought was that of Julien de La Mettrie. The culminating expression of materialist thought in this period was the Systme de la nature (1770), for which Baron dHolbach is considered chiefly responsible (Armstrong, 1984).In Western civilization, materialism is the oldest philosophical tradition. It reached its full pure form in the atomism of Democritus and Epicurus in the 4th century B.C. Epicurus argued that reality consisted of invisible and indivisible particles of free-falling matter called atoms randomly colliding in the void. Through materialism, everything that happens is explained in terms of the law of nature (Armstrong, 1984).Overview of major beliefs and representative thinkersMaterialism is a simple philosophy, having two principles 1) There is no reality besides that which can be delimit in terms of the physical concepts of space and time and 2) As individuals, we have no obligations to oth er persons except for those obligations that we accept for our own pleasure. This second principle follows from the first (McConnell, 2003).When people use the word materialism they unremarkably have one of two definitions in mind. Philosophically speaking,

Culture conduct in other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture conduct in other countries - Essay ExampleTo run your lineage successfully in another country it requires a proper see to iting of the stopping point of that country. And to understand the culture of that country, it is required to know and learn the language of that country. Every culture has different parameters and guidelines of thought. And the best way to understand the thought behind these parameters and guidelines is the language (Malt et. al, 1999).Language not only provides association about culture, it also provides noesis about economical and political situations. Knowledge of other languages has become very essential because now one thousand million of people share their ideas, common interests and communicate with each other across the world through meshwork and going cross border for business concernes and study. All these things are possible due to the technological advancements.Here we pretend the example of America the trade is growing rapidly here. Some business people are development Spanish and Portuguese for there businesses. And now adays people are getting knowledge of other languages for economic integrations. Many Canadians wee ability to speak English and French. And they have adopted these languages for the improvement of their jobs and businesses. So the knowledge of other languages gives us a unique thought and this thought helps us to make concepts and decisions correctly.Etiquette is a edict of behavior or social behavior within the society, social class or group. Rules of etiquette generally base on social interaction within the society. It may be reflection of ethical codes, fashion and billet of society, group or class. When someone is interacting with large social group or variety of people which have same interest, so there are some general rules to interact with them and these rules are socially acceptable. transmission line etiquette is similar to the social etiquette, but they are particularly for c oworkers interaction and vary from business to business (Johnson, 1997).When a businessman

Law case to Joan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law grammatical case to Joan - Essay ExampleProximity has evolved from the straightforward test that was apply in Donoghue v Stevenson6 and seems to be applied after the duty of care has been determined. In Spring v Guardian Assurance Plc7 the House of Lords seemed to strain the importance of the fair, just and reasonable factor when making a decision on the imposition of liability. In this case the judge held that that an employer who provided a reference in respect of an employee to a prospective future employer owed a duty of care to the employee in respect of the preparation of the reference and was liable in damages for stinting loss suffered as a result of the negligent preparation of the reference. In Donoghue and Stevenson8 the complainant went to a caf with a friend who bought her a tumbler with ice cream. The shopkeeper poured a quantity of ginger beer from a feeding bottle over the ice cream. The complainant drank from the tumbler and when her friend topped up the drin k from the bottle the stay of a decomposed snail floated out of the bottle. As a result of this the complainant became ill. As there was no contractual relationship between the complainant and the shopkeeper the House of Lords were asked to consider whether the manufacturer if the ginger beer owed a duty of care to the ultimate customer. This led to the formation of the neighbour test9 the general principle of which was that you must not injure your neighbour.

Play and Childrens development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Play and Childrens increase - Research Paper standardWhy merriment is reducing among childrenP arnts are thought to contribute to the reduction in play among children. It is unmixed that some parents tend to force the children to concentrate much on the books without giving them time to play. Their intentions for doing this are commonly to ensure the child performs well in schools. Research as well suggests that increased exposure of children to the television also makes them lack enough time to play. The enhancement of technology has also affect child play. This is beca workout with the introduction of information processing system games most children have preferred to play such games, instead of engaging in physical play that can be beneficial to their health ((Berne, 49).Play has ordinarily proved to have some benefits towards the preparement of a child. One of the importance of play in child development is that play normally allows children to use their creativity. Creat ivity is normally in born, and in doing this, children are normally in a position to develop their dexterity, their imaginations, and their cognitive, emotional and physical strength. Research suggests that play is of immense importance for the development of the brain in kids. This is because when children are given an opportunity to play, they are normally in a position to interact with the world near them. To ensure the effective development of a child through play, it is essential that play among children becomes undirected. This is because it is through this that the children normally learn the importance of group work, and sharing. Play also enables children to learn how to negotiate with each other when approach with

Business Law (company law) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law (company law) - Essay ExampleIn the take that partners or external third parties decide to file a lawsuit, in actual sense they would be suing only the company with the exclusion of investors/stockholders. They are not held unresistant for such matters as loans as sanitary as other debts owed by the company. In contrast to them, investors, general partners, and sole proprietors are considered to be liable for such business debts all through. Limited liability is fundamental in the exclusion of certain parties from be held liable for such liabilities.Limited liability companies have a lot of advantages that I would say, arguably, outweigh the disadvantages regarding the same. It is indeed advisable that Robert, Sarita, and Phillip to start convert their company IN THE EVENT into a check liability company. The single advantages of a limited liability company are as follows.The mere existence of a limited liability company provides for the limited liability security or protection to its own members or owners. This could be arguably the most imperative advantage of this form of company. They are basically not personally responsible for the companys business debts and liabilities. Creditors are legally crippled to pursue the personal assets (houses, savings, and etcetera) of the businesss stakeholders in order to earn back their business debts (Macintyre, 2010). This is in contrast to many other distinguish forms of business. The only liability that members have to bear is that for the amount that they are yet to pay on shares. In the event that things do go wrong, the only losses encountered by the members would be the value of shares as healthful as any loans made by the members to the company. However, there is an ambiguity. The protection of limited liability companies does not go as far as to cover frauds. In the unfortunate occasion that creditors incur losses via count on fraud, there is no limit to personal liability.A limited liabili ty company

Business 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business 6 - Essay ExampleIn this social orientation, throng atomic number 18 more than self-focused and prevail to put their interest before those of a group. On the new(prenominal) hand, china practices collectivism. This is whereby the groups interests come before individuals interests. Power orientation categorizes cultures into power respect and power repellent societies. Power respect societies respect the chain of command and accept power based on stake in an organization or in the society. Authority is not usually questioned. This orientation is common in China. Power tolerant societies question authority and do not necessarily buy what authority says as seen in the United States of America.The third category of Hostedes classification is uncertainty orientation, which focuses on peoples feelings toward vague or uncertain situations. This categorizes cultures into uncertainty acceptance and uncertainty avoidance. The United States tends to lean more on uncertainty acc eptance because her cultures are undisturbed by change. Chinese cultural set ups, on the other hand, tend to embrace uncertainty avoidance, which exhibits rigid systems based on rules (Ajami, Cool, Goddard, & Khambata, 2006).China and the United States are among the starring(p) economies in the world. However, the socio-cultural aspects of the two economies greatly differ. Chinese cultures tend to avoid uncertainty, favor power distance and are usually adapted to long-term feminism and collectivism orientations (Smith, Dugan, & Trompenaars, 1996). On the other hand, Americans are more short-term-oriented and tend to favor individualism and masculinity. They are also not bothered by uncertainty and are more democratic (Fu & Yukl, 2000). In this regard, Americans and Chinese seem to differ in almost all aspects of their cultures.Culture has a major influence on business both at domestic and international levels. Cateora and Graham (1999) spy that

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished in the United States Research Paper

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished in the get together States - Research Paper ExampleYou feel the excruciating pain, each and every nuance of the agony, which comes with the heart-stopping incumbrance of potassium chloride, but you shadower non call discover because you are completely paralyzed. This is, indeed, a possibility, and a very jet one, facing those on last row in the United States today. The issue of death penalty is a contentious one, with very vociferous opinions on either side. However, the death penalty should be abolished in the United States, as it is cruel and unusual punishment. The fact is that the lethal injection, the current mode of implementing the death penalty, is carried often, if not always, carried out(p) by untrained prison staff, without the presence of a doctor. There are a lot of mistakes made, regarding the symmetry of the concoction to be administered as comfortably as correctly inserting the IV line. This causes undue pain, as well as downright tortuous pain, to the person condemned to die via the lethal injection. The concoction, if not administered in the correct ratio, causes palsy and not unconsciousness, leaving the punishment open to being considered torture (Drehle 2). It clearly makes out a practised case for cruel and unusual punishment. ... The recent case of the execution of Teresa Lewis, a borderline mentally mentally retarded woman, in Virginia can be quoted as a good example in this regard. As huge as the metropolis punishment is carried out in the United States, events like this are bound to fade one day or another, where a mentally challenged person is condemned and handed down capital punishment. hindquarters Steinbeck, in his novel Of Mice and Men, also pointed out at this flaw in our capital punishment law. fifty-fifty though the mentally challenged person, Lennie, is killed by his friend George as an act of kindness, however, it is clear that had George not done this, Lennie would bri ng in been executed, either by the law or by the lynch mob. This brings us to another factor against capital punishment. There has been a history of mob lynching in the United States, there is, one can say, a sort of mob mentality, where the enraged mob often goes looking for culprit. Often, in this rage, reason is forgone, and emotions deform the rule of the day. The truth is often obscured in such cases. The story the Lynching of Jube Benson by Paul Laurence Dunbar points at this flaw, where Benson was lynched based on flimsy evidence, and only because of riled up emotions. Though it is argued that our justice system is not akin to mob lynching, however, it is good to remember that even during trials emotions often run high. Reason and logic are often the first casualties of such emotionally driven trials. It is, therefore, not a good atmosphere for carrying out justice to the accused, who are sometimes not even guilty. So to leave room open for the death penalty is not wise. The justice system in United States is not

Anishinaabe Literature and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Anishinaabe Literature and Culture - Essay ExampleThese native Indians form the Anishinaabe tribe of America. Some American universities teach Anishinaabemowin, the language spoken by the people of this tribe. These people were divided into three communities Odawa, Ojibwe, and Bodewatomi speaking distinguishable expressions of the Anishinaabemowin. The Indians still hold the ways of their ancestors and cultivate, nurture, and protect the knowledge of their ancestors among their children. This has led to the continuity of the rich Anishinaabe language and nicety that is still studied by the present generation. Children learn their language, governance, judicial system, culture, religion, and citizenship. This culture was overshadowed by Christianity and modernization, that the stay descendants teach their children about their ancestors in order to ensure the continuity of their culture. It is difficult to maintain social identity without the existence of language. The Anishinaabe descendants struggle to maintain continuity of their language by teaching their children. The acquire process begins by explaining the meaning of the verbs in the seven teachings (Apple, 2008). The seven pronouns be set in the teachings called the seven grandfathers. These atomic number 18 Nbwaakaawin (wisdom), Zaagiidiwin (love), Minaadendamowin (respect), Aakwaodeewin (bravery), Debwewin (truth), Dibaadendiziwin (humility) and Gwekwaadiziwin (Honesty). These are part of the original words of the ancestors that form the roots of the language. Understanding language helps determine the cultural practices, institutions, and social festivities observed by the Anishinaabe. The elderly in the communities act as reference points for teachers and learners of the language. Their dialect and understanding of the language has not been overly diluted by the English language, as is the case among the puppyish people (Eigenbrod, LaRocque and DePasquale, 2010). The Ojibway language, part of Algonquian language group, is the most frequently spoken Aboriginal language as well Cree and Inuit languages. It is usually expressed in syllabics or the roman orthography. The syllabics were invented in 1840 by James Evans, a missional working in Hudsons Bay. Some Anishinaabe people claim that he did not invent the symbols, but he incorporated them into the writing system (Tigerman, 2006). The Wawatay bilingual newspaper commonly circulated among the Anishinaabe communities in northern Ontario contains texts write in syllabics. In some other texts such as children books, roman orthography is used. These forms of writing are also commonly used in educational materials that commence revived the Ojibway language. English authors of the Anishinaabe origin have revived the language through the educational system, media, and literary works. They have helped produce bilingual books that enable the early generations learn their native language. Northwest Ontario has the largest po pulation of the Anishinaabe people. The people have two collections of narratives passed down orally for centuries. These are the Ojibway heritage and the sacred legend. The sacred legend existed among the Oji-Cree speaking community near the sandy lake. The collection contains a creation story with the earth diver motif. According to these stories, several animals dived deep into the ocean to retrieve dishonor for recreating the earth after the great flood. This distinguishes the Aboriginal creation stories from the Biblical stories. However, missionaries declared the ecological relationships among living things superstitious and primitive. Missionaries introduced church-run schools that taught English and the European way of thinking (Vizenor, 2009). The introduction of Christianity

Business proposal. JUST PART B (which is 5 pages) The rest is my group Research Paper

Business proposal. JUST PART B (which is 5 pages) The rest is my group members - Research Paper ExampleThe eating place is fully equipped with the furniture, fixtures, and other inseparable equipment. Thus, the initial cost lead only entail capital for starting the operations.In 1946, wetback ships bell was started by Glen Bell, who opened a hot dog caf in San Bernardino, California. In 1950, he began Hot get across and Hamburgers in San Bernardinos barrio (OFallon, 2011). Bell has grown and currently is operating numerous restaurants in California. greaser Bell eatery Company is currently over five hundred fast food restaurants word wide. The restaurant depart daily serve concession every day of each year from 500 a.m. until 1000 p.m.Taco Bell selected this restaurant due to its strategic placement. This step will allow the travelers to have their dishes before and later on their journeys. There are other competitors in the place, but our quality and reliable service will be the bait for our customers (OFallon, 2011). We will provide healthier meals with simplified wholesome ingredients.Taco Bell will smudge itself premier fast food and quick service restaurant at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport. This spotlight will be attained by providing quality foods of highest hygiene and positive health impact. The restaurant will provide a conducive atmosphere for our customers to enjoy their meals, and they will be greeted by the smiles as they disgrace our restaurant. Our customers will be moved by our standard menu fare, together with seasonal menus that can handling to take advantage of saving costs and maintain the trends of the current food industry. We are certain that the restaurant business is a crucial place where one can begin their career and pursue it to full-time (OFallon, 2011). In Taco Bell, we know that our restaurant will offer job opportunities to both new applicants and part-timers.Taco Bell will remain current with the eve r growing food industry

The Major Competitors for the Digital Television Communication Case Study

The Major Competitors for the Digital Television Communication - Case Study ExampleThis research go forth begin with the statement that the rapid advancement of the chat engineering science is bringing a number of advantages to the users of the ameliorate technology. One of such advanced development is the digital television. While the consumers generally recognize the benefits of the advanced technology, they be also aw be of the complexities and other disadvantages of the intrusion and other anti-social incidents. The major objective of technology today is to ordain itself with the preferences of the consumers as to the ways in which they would like to enjoy their leisure time. This is becoming increasingly important as the customers depend on the improvements in technology for their day to day needs. In this context, the Digital Television technology is offering a wide range of benefits to the consumers. At the same time, the technology is not left without contestation both in terms of the hardw ar and also from other kinds of service providers in the visual communication media. The three different digital delivery platforms - terrestrial, cable and satellite - have operated as a authorisation hindrance to the growth of the digital TV grocery in the UK. The early market entrants have created branded systems that have affected the growth of the digital TV. The contention between the satellite and terrestrial platforms is such that set-top boxes are now being provided free to digital subscribers. However out of this IPTV is not likely to pose some(prenominal) stiff competition presently to Digital TV despite the support from the service providers. IPTV is primarily a defensive move by the major service providers rolling out services. While they have the potential to generate additional revenues for operators, the key driver of deployment - in the short-term at least - will be improving customer loyalty and adding greater depth to the services provi ded to consumers over ADSL networks. (CBR) But in proximo, this occurrence segment is sure to act as a major competitor for digital TV. Personal mental picture Recorder (PVR) Being an additional service offered by the Pay-TV operators the penetration level of PVR is not that significant in the UK context. Since PVR represents a time-shifted viewing this segment may develop into a powerful competitor in the future as in the US already 18 percent of the households were having a PVR at the end of 2006 by means of the development in Europe is not that significant which remained at 2 percent of the household having a PVR. High Definition TV Even though there is no potential threat of competition from the HD TV presently due to lack of HD programming in the UK the likelihood of this segment becoming a major development in the digital technology area is imminent. The promotion of free set-top boxes from the Pay TV operators has seriously affected the integration of the digital TV marke t. On the service side, there are dissimilar service providers providing different forms of services to attract the consumers. Freeview has an important role to play in the Television market offering over 40 channels delivering digital television through a standard antenna. any entertainment avenues in the form of music, news, sport, and films are available free to the customers and Freeview is in hot demand with no price as its selling point. Sky provides a service for which people are willing to pay. Its base package simply provides a far greater choice than its free competitor, while those who wish to broaden this foundation are free to select from packages that will deliver everything from the latest blockbusters to live premiership football.

Love What are your thoughts on the Futurist Manifesto - how do you see Personal Statement

Love What are your thoughts on the Futurist Manifesto - how do you see it in the artwork they produced - Personal Statement ExampleMarinetti started the manifesto by describing the new versus the old. He (6) personifies various places and machines in the new age period and compares them with the old ones. In one of his comments in the book,he states that the the old ways of thought are gone,defeated at last. He (12) gave an example of condemning all museums and academies and comparing them with cemeteries that are not worth focusing on. Indeed Marinettis manifesto was very much anarchistic. Moreover,he encouraged dangerous methods to achieve watcher as he believed that there was no struggle without beauty.In addition,he This shows how Marinettis words were, indeed very forceful. Marinetti along with other artists(22) around him wrote about literature, music, dance, performance, paintings and architecture. All that reiterated a cognate of ideas which reverberated through the multitu des of all forms of art aspect in the 20th century(26). His projection of words in his book is like a machine atom smasher in action of firing bullets. I can clarify his writing technique as some(prenominal) visual and sonic. The techniques blur the borderline dimension in which a synesthesia is evoked,making a more pro-founding restore on the Italian people.The separation of the the futurism movement from the previous art movement is the focus on superficial understanding. That is what Marinetti movement was all about. Therefore, people who view his work should understand the benefit of external factors in aliveness like struggle and revolution without forgetting the internal factors

Axiom Strategic Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Axiom Strategic Communications - Essay ExampleThis strategy redefines the current concomitant about the hearing problem in Australia and how the Australian earshot validation contends to deal with the ever-increasing cases in the country. The shaping focuses on hearing impairment for Children and young adults under the age 21 years, Indigenous adults over 50 and aged pensioners and Veterans affected during their working experience (Australian Hearing 2011). The majority of brisk clients attended to by specialists in all the years are between the ages 0-29 and 60-99, with the latter forming the highest percentage in both male and female person subjects. This gives the reason why the entity forms an integral component in solving hearing loss problem in Australia and, thus, the organization to place itself strategically to solve these problems. The figure below shows the population by percentage of active clients attending the Australian Hearing by age group.This PR strategy seeks to position the Australian Hearing in a distinguishable manner vis-a-vis competitors in the hearing products and services. Through this, the organization sets industry standards and uses the most cost-effective and best value means of accomplishing its objectives to the target publics. A number of messages will be used to communicate the intentions of the organization. These will be through communicated through interactive social media platforms, brochures, and newsletters.The messages Together we run low the world in giving our customers with the best hearing solutions aims at putting the mission and vision of the organization a top agenda. Through this, the organization focuses on streamlining its procedures to be customer oriented to solve the unique(predicate) impairments of the customer in question. The message Setting the standards in Hearing health and auditory research compend to the major objective that the organization is on the threshold of achieving. This posits that the specialists and management all work towards a incarnate motivation (Harris & Whalen, 2006, p. 107). The individuals are expected to convert all their energies and synergies towards setting the pace in the research and hearing health services provision.

Peace-Building Challenges in East Timor Essay Example for Free

Peace-Building Challenges in east most(prenominal) Timor EssayFor a farming that was below the tyranny of a more powerful country for so long, license, more often than not, is a word that entails and carries a better and promising future. Most countries enjoyed the benefits of having independence like gaining total control over their lands and most of all the whole population. Timor-Leste ( eastern hemisphere Timors official name), on the other hand, is a country that has a different scenario. Although the actual date of independence was around November of 1975, East Timor was touted to be the first independent country of the 21st century. But this fact didnt give them plentiful time to prepare for an independent way of life. The reason behind this was the three hundred and more geezerhood of influence and oppression of the Portuguese empire. No wonder that even the culture and the way of thinking of most of the Timorese were a lot different compared to the time when the Po rtuguese did not rule them. Then after exactly nine days of independence from the Portuguese, East Timor was comprisen off guard by the encroachment of their neighboring country, Indonesia1.Obviously, this was one of the immediate line of productss that confronted the newly independent country. In fact the invasion became their greatest problem that East Timor sought the help of their former invader. Portugal then turned to the UN and the Security Council to do something about the situation. In response to Portugals appeal, the UN gave the Indonesian army a resolution condemning their actions but they were hesitant to do anything else. It was only after twenty-four years did the Timorese people gained back their complete independence.The 24-year military occupation of the Indonesian troop was a brutal experience for the East Timor people. In September 1999, the world witnessed the warfare between the Indonesian Army and the East Timorese militant after voting for the Independency of the country2. eve though more than a decade had passed since their independence and more than five years since they were self-governing, it will take more than just mere decades to remove the trauma, patterns of criminality and violence, injustice and isolation in the peoples system3. This is one of the immediate problems that East Timor is facing.The nature of the East Timors long-term problem falls under the category of standing on its own foot. Governing the whole country while stable the effects of the precedent events is taking its toll on the administration. Scheiner notes that, National visions, shared struggles and promises of prosperity no durable suffice to unify the one million citizens of one of the worlds least developed countries. East Timor endured its past problems with the help of other countries. It is due time to stand up on its own. The problem at one time lies in the midst of the country and between its people.

Of Human Bondage by William Somerset Maugham Essay Example for Free

Of Human Bondage by William Somerset Maugham probeIn the novel Of Human Bondage, the main character, Philip Carey, has a myriad of people whom are rattling influential in his liveness. William Somerset Maugham portrays Philip as having terce women in his life that are of great importance to Philips character. These triplet women are Mildred Rogers, Norah Nesbit, and crack Athelny. Mildred is a negative influence on Philip whereas the other two women serve as positive influences in Philips life. Of the three, Philip cognizes Mildred the most, though Mildred get bys him not. Mildred is a negative influence on Philip. though he loves her, she doesnt love him subscribe. She is grateful toward Philip and rewards him with various degrees of affection. This forebodes the fact that she becomes a prostitute later on in the novel. While with Philip, Mildred distracts him from canvas and causes him to spend all his money to take her out to eat and see musicals. This causes Philip to fail his two very important medical examinations. Mildred is a snobby, stupid, callous, shallow, vain, and selfish woman. Aware of Philips feelings for her, she takes advantage of him. She accepts his gifts and seeks his protection, exclusively thwarts his affection. Philip forgives her for her deceitfulness and helps her when she is in trouble. In return for Philips love, kindness and generosity, she gives him pain, abuse, and misery. She proves her heartless nature when she runs away with Emil Miller, has an affair with Griffiths, and destroys Philips home. She also abandons her infant to the care of a stranger in order to enjoy life. This demonstrates her selfish nature. Mildred seems to be Philips foil.Theyre so different from one another(prenominal) that Mildred doesnt even understand Philip. Philips generosity, kindness, and love cannot be understood by such a selfish, vicious, hateful woman. Its a wonder how Philip is bonded to this human anti-epitome. Philip chose Mildre d because she is the type of woman that was a challenge for him. He had just begun medical take and was feeling bored when suddenly he came upon this ill-mannered slut of a waitress in a tea shop. From that moment on, he couldnt get enough of her. He always tried to get back at her but never quite could. It was as if he was doomed to spend the rest of his life bonded to her. It was too much to bear for him. Her indifferent attitude toward him drove him mad over the brink of obsession. He tortured himself to try andget a woman that he could never have and she would never love him back. He was even willing to marry her to get back at her for all the evil she inflicted upon him. Philip ultimately breaks through the bonds of love and sees Mildred for who she really is a conniving, callous prostitute.Norah Nesbit is another influential woman in Philips life. Though Philip doesnt love Norah, she is a positive influence in his life nevertheless. Norah pampers Philip using her motherly i nstincts and encourages him to do what he can for himself go on vacation to take a break, and study hard for school to befall his exams. She is successful in convincing Philip to focus on his studies rather than herself. Therefore when hes with her, he passes all three exams without any trouble and has earned his vacation that he is reluctant to go on, but is persuaded by careful Norah to do so. Unlike Mildred, Norah appreciates Philip and doesnt allow him to waste his money. Philip intentionally chose Norahs ilk because Norah is nurturing, kind-hearted, and loving. Philip chooses her in his time of need, after he is hurt by the harshness and pain that Mildred has inflicted upon him. She ameliorates him back to life after the thought and sight of Mildred has pain him for many dreary months.Sally, the third and final influential woman in his life, helps Philip establish his identity in the world. The eldest child of Mr. Athelny, she is sensible, maternal, pretty, charming, and res ponsible. She is the pride of her family and wins the heart of everyone with her pleasant manners and warmth, including Philip. Sally falls for Philips simplicity and retiring manner, but does not force herself on him. She patiently waits for him to recognize her appeal. While Philip vacations with the Athelnys in Kent, he begins to lineup Sally and he realizes that he is attracted to her. He begins to see her regularly and decides to spend the rest of his life with her. She accepts his scheme of marriage.Sally is a contrast to Mildred. Sallys presence calms Philip, while Mildreds presence troubles him. His passion for Mildred had disrupted his life and career, but Sallys love gives him hope for a bright future. Philip learns to love Sally, though not like Mildred, and she loves him back. Therefore Sally is the best woman for Philip since they both love one another. Sally is there when Philip needsher. Shes not pushy or demanding, so Philip chooses her because he needs someone of her ilk to depend upon after Mildred ruins his life even so again by making him homeless and penniless.

Blinds to Go Company Essay Example for Free

Blinds to Go telephoner EssayExecutive SummaryThe case, found on the bon ton Blinds to Go, emphasizes the importance of moduleing in rememberings as they expand to realise their growth objectives. Being a manufacturer and retailer, with a unique gross revenue determine 100% commission based and focus on customer service gave the guild an advantage all over its competitors. According to the ripened management Quality of rung was paramount and hence their original compensation constitution sparkd best performance and fostered a senior high energy, sales ravenous culture at BTG.To decoy more recruits for its expansion phase, the management neuterd the compensation system from full commission to net profit on the recommendation of a newly employd vice president. gross sales declined and the overall staff turnover increased. Seeing this the come with brought back the old culture and experienced a sales turnaround. This shift also caused a nonher grand turnove r in ancestrys. A large percentage of voluntary turnover occurred in the first quatern months. The higher turnover after eight months was partly due to termination because of sales performance.The biggest challenge the corporation now faced was understaffing. The need for additional staff was further aggravated due to its continued advertise for growth and the tight US and Canadian labour markets. Another concern to be addressed was that the federation had planned for 80 per cent of its expansion in US where the employees preferred the meliorate collapse than the companys commission based pay building. During this period BTG had tried several recruiting methods with varying degrees of success. With an IPO in the pipeline and plans to add on average 50 stores per year for the next five years, it was critical for the company to come up with a staffing strategy with focus on Quality of the staff and low employee turnover.The CompanyBlinds To Go (BTG) was a retail fabricator of window dressings. It was started by David Shiller in 1954 in the Cote-des-Neiges district in Montreal, Canada. From the mid 1970s, BTG focussed on the sale of blinds. It was adequate to(p) to create a production system that decreased the delivery sequence frame of custom blinds from six to eight weeks to 48 mos. The reduced delivery time led to overwhelming customer response and the business flourished. The pie-eyed, realising their unique advantage of being a manufacturer and retailer simultaneously, began expansion by opening stores without Canada and US. By June 2000, BTG operated 120 corporate owned stores in North America. BTG expected to add 50 stores per year for the next 5 years, 80 percent of which targeted to US expansion stores.BTGs business philosophy was that quality of staff was cardinal than the store location, customer demographics or advertising. The firm established this by experimenting with a store that was locationally disadvantaged and had declining sale s. BTG was able to triple the sales of the verbalise store in one month by deploying their A management team and trained staff in that respect. The four staff roles in BTG stores were 1. Sales associate 2. Selling Supervisor 3. Assistant put in carriage 4. farm animal Manager. Sales associates were the junior most employees and their job was to follow a stigmatize plan to serve well walk in customers to make a purchase. Consistent sales performers among them were promoted to selling supervisors, who were assistant store managers in training, or assistant store managers. Assistant store Blinds to Go Staffing a Retail Expansion incident AnalysisSECTION E Group 5 managers were in charge of the stores in the absence of store managers. The store manager was responsible for overall store operations. The BTG selling process involved a high level of customer interaction, which set a very high level of service expectation. Their emphasis on customer satisfaction and sale closure led to higher volume of orders relative to their retail argumentOriginal Compensation of Retail StaffThe compensation organise at Blinds To Go incentives performance based on number of sales deal closed. The commission based structure fosters the high energy, sales hungry culture at BTG. This structure was believed to be a motivating factor to boost performance. High performers at BTG actually made more money than comparable retail outlet salesman.For Sales Associate the salary structure was a mix of situated pay and variable pay with $3 $5 comprising of fixed and 3% of sales as variable component.For Managers/Assistants the salary structure was $10,000 $15,000/yr as fixed pay with 1.5% to 3% of overall sales as variable pay.Changes in Compensation Structure 1996As per the recommendations from a newly hired Vice President of store operations the compensation structure for the store staff was changed from being fully commission based to salaried. Under the new structure, the sales associated were paid Cdn $8 per hour as a fixed component. For the store managers a higher base salary component as comp ard to the commissions was set. The main focus of the move was to make the compensation more cajoleive to the prospective hires. Another change being brought was to limit the involvement of store managers in the sale process. All these changes had an adverse effect on the sales figures which showed a decrease of 10 to 30% from 1996 to 1997. The staff turnover increased to 40% from the sooner 15%. Even thought the new pay structure friended in recruiting more hires, it led to the hiring of dismantle calibre stack.The existing good performers did not appreciate the changes, thus affecting their morale and hence their lading to sales. To counter this adverse effect, the management introduced a variation of the commission based compensation plan in May 1998. The effect of the change could be seen in the 10 to 30% increase in store sales from the previous year. S till the BTG stores experienced a high employee turnover that year. It was probably because of the employees accustomed to fixed pay were leaving the organisation, being dissatisfied from the commission based structure. Analysis of the employee turnover reflected that the highest no of employees left hand the firm in the first 4 months from their hiring.Most of the new expansion plans were in US. But the people of US were uncomfortable with the 100% commission based pay structure. Thus there was a extremity in the change to the structure to adapt to the US market.Blinds to Go Staffing a Retail Expansion instance AnalysisSECTION E Group 5Channels of RecruitmentTo be able to attract and recruit people who had certain sales driven qualities, several channels of recruitment were harnessed to postulate in the job positions. Since BTG was already understaffed and with massive growth plans (50 stores per year ) lined up, we need to psychoanalyze the various pros and cons of the channel s of recruitment. Employee Referral Current staffs refer friends and family to BTG which helped company attract candidates already briefed on the companys ideology. This channel was very effective which is evident by its highest ratio of leads to hire. The success of the ER scheme was partially due to the fact that referrals generally continued employment excited by the opportunity that the friend or family member who is a BTG employee recounted. Though maximum hiring was effected through this channel yet this alone did not currently satisfy BTGs hiring needs.Internet Sourcing This is one of the non-store recruitment channels which BTG used in devil ways. First, BTG solicited resumes at its blindstogo.com site. Second, DSMs and recruiters actively searched online jobs sites like Monster.com to contact probable candidates. Currently 12 out of 143 recruits were through this channel. DSM Compensation Readjustment DSMs were mainly responsible for store source of recruitment mainly wal k-ins and employee referrals. They had to hire 10 new sales associate every month. Their importance in recruitment process is highlighted by the fact that their salary was based on number of new staff selected rather than on sales targets. Currently 16 out of 143 sales associate were recruited through this channel in past ii months.BTG Retail Recruiters They were professional recruiters who were paid 20000/year with a bonus of $150 -$500 for each boffo hire. They generate leads through cold calls, net dieing referrals, colleges, job fairs, Internet and employment centres. Though they had performed sub- optimally in monetary value of number of number of new recruits, their training had increased to enable to get in at least 4 new recruits per week. Newspaper Advertising Newspaper channel generated the maximum number of leads but the senior management believed that this medium did not generate the quality of candidates that BTG needed. This channel attracted more of the people who did not meet the desired skills standard and core values expected by BTG in potential candidates. To be able to meet our desired staff requirements, we believe this channel needs to be harnessed to its full potential and complemented by necessary training to new recruits to enable them to meet companys performance standards.Store Generated Leads BTG believed in direct store walk-in mode of recruitment as well. It had put help treasured signs on its windows to attract potential candidates to meet its recruitment needs. But this policy was successful only in densely populated areas with high footfall. HR StrategyUdofia, Vice Chairman BTG, is looking for a strategy that solves all the major issues currently faced by the company, which would include unstaffed stores, staffing for future expansion and high employee turnover. avocation are the steps that could be sayn by him to achieve its growth objectives A Robust study Module As mentioned, the quality of staff is extremely importa nt in the retailing business. The crunch in the labor market doesnt go the company a flexibility to choose Blinds to Go Staffing a Retail Expansion employees on a strict criterion.A training module would help BTG to slack off the criterion and increase the number of selected employees by recruiting people who are trainable. In order to keep a check on the quality of the employees, the company can recruit the employees at a trainee level with a fixed pay. The training would be mostly on the Job led by experienced Store Managers. A review system would help these selected candidates to get promoted as Sales Associate. The initial pay as a trainee would be low. But the incentive to get promoted as Sales Associate would drive them to work and learn quickly.Currently we can see that there are large numbers of people who are attracted by the Newspaper Channel and Internet. But the problem is with this medium is that it didnt generate quality employee. By a robust training module the comp any would be able to hire trainable people and give them opportunities on the basis of their performance.The Promotion Structure A scheduled review and familiar promotion structure could be followed which attracts the current employees and increases the retention rate. The review can be conducted on at 2 levels, Sales Performance and Soft skills. A feedback mechanism would help the employees to work on the areas they lag. The review can be scheduled every 8 months and every employee can be given an opportunity to get promoted.The internal promotion structure could be leveraged as a tool to advertise. This would attract people who currently gaint want to join at Sales Associate Level. The promotion structure would also help in filling up the vacancies of Supervisors and Managers. Pay Structure The pay structure for Sales Associate could be revised in a manner as explained belowAccording to the current pay structure, a Sales Associate is paid $6-$8 per hour or 6% of sales, whichever higher. Clearly it can be seen that the Marginal and the Poor performers are the once who are enjoying the fixed compensation system. In order to motivate them, fixed + variable compensation could be followed for these below par performers. This structure would demotivate the top performers as there will be a reduction in their salaries. So it would not be the best vagary to implement this structure for top performers. A benchmark of $10000/sale/week could be set. This would not only motivate them to perform but the company also would overcome the problem of social loafing. The structure is explained belowMarginal-Poor Performers ($10000-/sales/ week) $3 per hour + 3 % of sales Leadership Program The highly experiences set of Store Managers could be given an option to join the leadership program. Under this program the Senior Employees would take up the responsibility of the training module and help the company attain the level of quality it requires in its workforce. Their compen sation could be based on the rate of conversion of trainees to Sales Associate instead of Sales. increase Stock Options to senior and experienced Store Managers would give them a feel of ownership in the firm which is what an employee needs after serving an organisation for years.

Capacity Planning Model Essay Example for Free

expertness Planning Model EssayAbstract capacitor supplying decisions affect a signi placet per centum of future revenue. In equipment intensive industries, these decisions usually need to be made in the presence of both highly volatile contend and long condenser installation lead quantifys. For a multiple merchandise case, we present a invariable- conviction content readiness simulation that solicites problems of realistic size and complexity found in current practice. Each overlap requires specic functions that can be performed by one or more joyride groups. We consider a number of capacity allocation policies. We allow animate being hideaways in addition to leveragings beca hold the stochastic film forecast for each point of intersection can be decreasing. We present a cluster-establish heuristic algorithm that can incorporate both variance reduction techniques from the simulation literary works and the principles of a generalized utmost ow algorithm f rom the network optimization literature. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 53 137150, 2006 Keywords capacity plan stochastic demand simulation submodularity semiconductor industryINTRODUCTIONBecause highly volatile demands and short product life cycles be commonplace in todays business environment, capacity investments are crucial strategic decisions for manufacturers. In the semiconductor industry, where the prot margins of products are steadily decreasing, manufacturers whitethorn spend up to 3.5 billion dollars for a state-of-the-art plant 3, 23. The capacity decisions are complicated by volatile demands, hike costs, and evolving technologies, as well as long capacity procurement lead times. In this paper, we study the acquire and retirement decisions of machines (or interchangeably, tools).The early purchase of tools often results in unnecessary detonator spending, whereas tardy purchases lead to deep in thought(p) revenue, especially in the early sta ges of the product life cycle when prot margins are highest. The swear out of determining the sequence and timing of tool purchases and possibly retirements is referred to as strategic capacity planning. Our strategic capacity planning assume allows for multiple products under demand uncertainty. Demand evolves over time and is pretenseed by a set of scenarios with associated Correspondence to W.T. Huh (emailprotected) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. probabilities. We allow for the possibility of decreasing demand. Our model of capacity consumption is based on three layers tools (i.e., machines), operations, and products. Each product requires a xed, product-specic set of operations. Each operation can be performed on whatsoever tool. The time involve regards on both the operation and the tool.In our model time is a continuous variable, as opposed to the more traditional approach of using clear-cut time buckets. Our primary decision variables, one for each potential tool purcha se or retirement, argue the timing of the corresponding actions. In contrast, decision variables in typical discrete-time models are either binary or whole number and are indexed by both tool groups and time periods. Our objective is to minimize the sum of the muzzy sales cost and the capital cost, each a function of tool purchase times and retirement times. Our continuous-time model has the advantage of having a smaller number of variables, although it may be difcult to nd global optimal solutions for the resulting continuous optimization problem. Many manufacturers, primarily those in high-tech industries, prefer to maintain a negligible amount of nished good inventory because technology products, especially highly protable ones, prospect rapidly declining prices and a high risk of obsolescence. In particular, building up inventories ahead of demand may not be economically sound for applicationspecic integrated circuits.Because high-tech products are in a sense perishable, we assume no nished goods inventory. In addition, we assume that no back-ordering is permitted for the following reasons. First, unsatised demand much results in the loss of sales to a competitor. Second, delayed order fulllment often results in either the abate or the postponement of future demand. The end result approximates a lost sale. We remark that these assumptions of no-nishedgoods and no back-ordering are also applicable to certain service industries and utility industries, in which systems do not have any buffer and require the co-presence of capacity and demand. These assumptions simplify the computation of instantaneous production and lost sales since they depend only on the current demand and capacity at a given jiffy of time.In the case of multiple products, the aggregate capacity is divided among these products according to a particular policy. This tool-groups-to-products allocation is referred to as tactical production planning. While purchase and retirement decisi ons are made at the beginning of the planning horizon prior to the realization of stochastic demand, allocation decisions are recourse decisions made after demand uncertainty has been resolved. When demand exceeds supply, there are two plausible allocation policies for assigning the capacity to products (i) the befogged Sales Cost Minimization policy minimizing instantaneous lost sales cost and (ii) the Uniform Fill-Rate employment policy equalizing the ll-rates of all products. Our model primarily uses the former, but can easily be extended to use the latter. Our model is directly related to two threads of strategic capacity planning models, both of which address problems of realistic size and complexity arising in the semiconductor industry.The rst thread is noted for the three-layer tool-operation-product model of capacity that we use, originating from IBMs discrete-time looks. Bermon and Hood 6 assume deterministic demand, which is later extended by Barahona et al. 4 to model scenario-based demand uncertainty. Barahona et al. 4 have a large number of indicator variables for discrete expansion decisions, which results in a large mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation. Standard MIP computational methods such as branch-and-bound are used to solve this challenging problem.Our model differs from this work in the following ways (i) using continuous variables, we use a descent-based heuristic algorithm as an alternative to the standard MIP techniques, (ii) we model tool retirement in addition to acquisition, and (iii) we consider the capital cost in the objective function instead of using the budget constraint. Other notable examples of scenario-based models with binary decisions variables include Escudero et al. 15, Chen, Li, and Tirupati 11, Swaminathan 27, and Ahmed and Sahinidis 1 however, they do not model the operations layer explicitly.The second thread of the relevant literature features continuous-time models. akanyildirim and Roundy 8 and akanyi ldirim, Roundy, and Wood 9 both study capacity planning for several tool groups for the stochastic demand of a single product. The former establishes the optimality of a bottleneck policy where tools from the bottleneck tool group are installed during expansions and retired during contractions in the reverse order. The latter uses this policy to jointly optimize tool expansions along with nested oor and space expansions. Huh and Roundu 18 extend these ideas to a multi-product case under the Uniform Fill-Rate Production policy and identify a set of sufcient conditions for the capacity planning problem to be reduced to a nonlinear convex minimization program. This paper extends their model by introducing the layer of operations, the Lost Sales Cost Minimization allocation policy and tool retirement.This results in the non-convexity of the resulting formulation. Thus, our model marries the continuous-time paradigm with the complexity of real-world capacity planning. We list a selection of recent papers on capacity planning. Davis et al. 12 and Anderson 2 take an optimal control theory approach, where the control decisions are expansion rate and workforce capacity, respectively. Ryan 24 incorporates autocorrelated product demands with drift into capacity expansion. Ryan 25 minimizes capacity expansion costs using preference pricing formulas to estimate shortages. Also, Birge 7 uses option theory to study capacity shortages and risk. An extensive survey of capacity planning models is found in the article by Van Mieghem 28. Our computational results suggest that the descent algorithm, with a proper initialization method, delivers good solutions and bonny computation times.Furthermore, preliminary computational results indicate that capacity plans are not very sensitive to the plectrum of allocation policy, and both policies perform comparably. With the Uniform FillRate Production policy, an instantaneous revenue calculation that is used repeatedly by the subrout ines of the heuristic algorithm can be formulated as a generalized maximum ow problem the solution of this problem can be obtained by a combinatorial polynomial-time appraisal turning away that results in a potentially dramatic increase in the speed of our algorithm.We assume that the stochastic demand is given as a nite set of scenarios. This demand model is consistent with current practice in the semiconductor industry. We also explore, in Section 5, the possibility that demand is instead given as a continuous distribution, e.g., the Semiconductor Demand Forecast Accuracy Model 10. Borrowing results from the literature on three-card monte Carlo approximations of stochastic programs, we point out the existence of an inherent bias in the optimal cost of the approximation when the scenario sample size is small. We also describe applicable variance reduction techniques when samples are drawn on an ad hoc basis.This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 lays out our strategic cap acity formulation under two capacity allocation policies. Section 3 describes our heuristic algorithm, and its computational results are account in Section 4. Section 5 presents how our software can be efciently used when the demand is a set of continuous distributions that evolve over time. We briey conclude with Section 6. 2. 2.1. MODEL FormulationDs,p (t) instant(prenominal) demand of product p in scenario s at time t. s Probability of scenario s. We buy the farm subscripts to construct vectors or matrices by listing the argument with different products p, operations w, and/or tool indices m. For example, B = (bw,p ) is the production-to-operation matrix and H = (hm,w ) is the machine-hours-per-operation matrix. Note that we concatenate only p, w, or m indices. Thus, Ds (t) = (Ds,p (t)) for demand in scenario s, and c(t) = (cp (t)) for per-unit lost sales cost vectors at time t.We assume the continuity of cp P R and Ds,p and the continuous differentiability of Pm and Pm . Prim ary Variables m,n The time of the nth tool purchase within group m. m,n The time of the nth tool retirement within group m. Auxiliary Variables Xs,w,m (t) Number of products that pass through operation w on tool group m in scenario s at time t. Capacity of tool group m at time t. Unmet demand of product p in scenario s at time t. Satised demand of product p in scenario s at time t. Thus, V s,t (t) = Ds,p (t) Vs,p (t).Let the continuous variable t represent a time between 0 and T , the end of the planning horizon. We use p, w, and m to index product families in P, operations in W, and tool groups in M, respectively. All tools in a tool group are identical this is how tool groups are actually dened. We denote by M(w) the set of tools that can perform operation w and by W (m) the set of operations that tool group m can perform. DurP R ing the planning horizon, we purchase Nm (retire Nm ) tools 1 belonging to tool group m. Purchases or retirements of tools P R in a tool group are index ed by n, 1 n Nm , or 1 n Nm . Random demand for product p is given by Dp (t) = Ds,p (t), where s indexes a nite number of scenarios S. Our formulation uses input data and variables presented below.We reserve the usage of the word time for the calendar time t, as opposed to the processing duration of operations or productive tool capacities available. To void confusion, we refer to the duration of operations or tool capacities available at a given moment of time using the phrase machine-hours. Input Data bw,p Number of operations of type w required to produce a unit of product p (typically integer, but fractional values are allowed). come of machine-hours required by a tool in group m to perform operation w. append capacity (productive machine-hours per month) of tool group m at the beginning of the time horizon. Capacity of each tool in group m (productive machine-hours per month). Purchase price of a tool in group m at time t (a function of the continuous scalar t). Sale pri ce for retiring a tool in group m at time t. May be positive or negative. Per-unit lost sales cost for product p at time t.

Reflecting on ‘Reflective practice’ Essay Example for Free

Reflecting on Reflective coiffe EssayMaybe meditative entrusts offer us a way of trying to make sense of the uncertainty in our workplaces and the braveness to work competently and ethically at the edge of enact and chaos (Ghaye, 2000, p.7)Reflective class period has burge 1d all over the last few decades through out(p) various fields of professional exert and gentility. In some professions it has demand one of the defining features of competence, even if on occasion it has been adopted misinterpretedly and un reflectively to rationalise existing practice. The cajole of the verbalism bandwagon lies in the fact that it rings true (Loughran, 2000). Within different disciplines and intellectual traditions, however, what is mum by reflective practice varies contractably (Fook et al, 2006). Multiple and contradictory understandings of reflective practice crapper even be found within the same discipline.Despite this, some consensus has been achieved amid the profusi on of definitions. In habitual, reflective practice is understood as the process of learning through and from sense towards gaining new insights of self and/or practice (Boud et al 1985 Boyd and Fales, 1983 Mezirow, 1981, Jarvis, 1992). This often involves examining assumptions of everyday practice. It likewise tends to involve the individual practitioner in organism self-awargon and decisively evaluating their give responses to practice situations. The point is to recapture practice fathers and mull them over vituperatively in order to gain new understandings and so improve future practice. This is understood as part of the process of life-long learning.beyond these broad argonas of agreement, however, contention and difficulty reign. There is debate about the extent to which practitioners should focus on themselves as individuals rather than the larger tender mount. There argon questions about how, when, where and why manifestation should take place. For meddlesome profe ssionals short on time, reflective practice is all too easily applied in bland, mechanical, unaffectionate ways, Would-be practitioners may also chance on it testing to stand back from painful experiences and projectk to be analytical about them. In this tangle of understandings, misunderstandings and difficulties, exactly how to apply and teach reflective practice in effect has become something of a conundrum.This paper look fors current ideas and debates relating to reflective practice. In the first two sections, I inspection key definitions and models of admonition commonly employd in professional practice. Then, in the reflective spirit myself, I unfavorablely examine the actual practice of the ideal, highlighting ethical, professional, pedagogic and conceptual tendings. I put transport the case that reflective practice is both(prenominal) complex and situated and that it cannot work if applied mechanically or simplistically. On this root word, I conclude with some tentative suggestions for how educators might nurture an effective reflective practice involving critical reflection.Defining reflective practicereflection can mean all things to all volumeit is used as a kind of umbrella or canopy term to signify something that is ripe(p) or desirableeverybody has his or her own (usually undisclosed) interpretation of what reflection means, and this interpretation is used as the basis for trumpeting the virtues of reflection in a way that makes it sound as virtuous as motherhood. Smyth (1992, p.285)The term reflective practice carries multiple meanings that range from the idea of professionals engaging in solitary introspection to that of engaging in critical dialogue with others. Practitioners may embrace it occasionally in random variableal, explicit ways or use it more fluidly in ongoing, tacit ways. For some, reflective practice simply refers to adopting a envisageing approach to practice. Others see it as self-indulgent navel gazing. For others still, itinvolves carefully structured and crafted approaches towards being reflective about ones experiences in practice. For example, with reference to teacher precept, Larrivee argues thatUnless teachers develop the practice of critical reflection, they stay trapped in unexamined judgments, interpretations, assumptions, and expectations. come up teaching as a reflective practitioner involves fusing in the flesh(predicate) beliefs and values into a professional identicalness (Larrivee, 2000, p.293). In practice, reflective practice is often seen as the bedrock of professional identity. Reflecting on performance and performing on refection, as McKay (2008, Forthcoming) notes, is a professional imperative. Indeed, it has been included in official benchmark standards laid tweak for professional registration and practice (see table 1 in Appendix 1).One example is in the way it has been included, explicitly and implicitly, in all Project 2000 curricula for Nursing Diplomas, while reflection is highlighted as a pivotal skill to achieve required Standards of Proficiencies in nursing and other health professional education (NMC, 2004 HPC, 2004). It has also become a key strand of approaches to the broader field of continuing professional victimisation, work-based learning and long learning (Eby, 2000 HPC, 2006).Given its growing emphasis in professional practice and education, it would seem most-valuable to explore the concept of reflective practice in some detail. To this end, this section distinguishes between different types of reflective practice and looks at the sister concepts of reflection, critical reflection and reflexivity. Reflection in and on practiceDewey (1933) was among the first to line reflection as a specialised form of mentation. He considered reflection to stem from doubt, hesitation or perplexity related to a directly experienced situation. For him, this prompted purposeful inquiry and problem resolution (Sinclair, 1998). Dewey a lso argued that reflective thinking moved people away from routine thinking/action (guided by tradition or external authority) towardsreflective action (involving careful, critical consideration of taken-for-granted knowledge). This way of conceptualising reflection crucially starts with experience and stresses how we learn from doing, i.e. practice. Specifically Dewey argued that we think the problem out towards formulating hypotheses in trial and error reflective situations and accordingly use these to plan action, testing out our ideas.Deweys ideas provided a basis for the concept of reflective practice which gained influence with the arrival of Schons (1983) The reflective practitioner how professionals think in action. In this originative work, Schon identified ways in which professionals could become aware of their implicit knowledge and learn from their experience. His main concern was to facilitate the development of reflective practitioners rather than describe the proces s of reflection per se. However, one of his most important and enduring contributions was to describe two types of reflection reflection-on-action (after-the-event thinking) and reflection-in-action (thinking while doing). In the case of reflection-on-action, professionals are understood consciously to review, describe, analyse and esteem their past practice with a view to gaining insight to improve future practice.With reflection-in-action, professionals are seen as examining their experiences and responses as they occur. In both types of reflection, professionals aim to connect with their feelings and attend to relevant possibleness. They stress to configuration new understandings to shape their action in the unfolding situation. In Schons words The practitioner allows himself to experience surprise, puzzlement, or confusion in a situation which he finds uncertain or unique. He reflects on the phenomenon before him, and on the prior understandings which substantiate been imp licit in his behaviour. He carries out an experiment which serves to nonplus both a new understanding of the phenomenon and a change in the situation. (Schon, 1983, p. 68)For Schon, reflection-in-action was the core of professional nontextual matter a concept he contrasted with the technical-rationality demanded by the (still dominant) positivist paradigm whereby problems are solvable through the rigid application of science. A contemporary example of this paradigm is the evidence-based practice movement, which favours quantitative studiesover qualitative ones, and naturalized protocols over intuitive practice. In Schons view, technical-rationality failed to resolve the dilemma of rigour versus relevance confronting professionals. Schons argument, since taken up by others (e.g. Fish and Coles,1998), was as follows Professional practice is complex, unpredictable and messy. In order to cope, professionals have to be able to do morethan follow set procedures. They draw on both in teroperable experience and theory as they think on their feet and improvise. They act both intuitively and creatively.Both reflection-in and on -action allows them to revise, modify and refine their expertise. Schon believed that as professionals become more expert in their practice, they developed the skill of being able to monitor and adapt their practice simultaneously, perhaps even intuitively. In contrast, novice practitioners, lacking knowing-in-action (tacit knowledge), tended to hang up to rules and procedures, which they are inclined to apply mechanically. Schon argued that novices needed to step back and, from a distance, take time to think through situations. Whether expert or novice, all professionals should reflect on practice both in general and with regard to specific situations. Schons work has been hugely influential some would say canonical in the way it has been applied to practice and professional training and education. For example, in the health care field, Atkins and Murphy (1993) identify three stages of the reflective process.The first stage, triggered by the professional becoming aware of uncomfortable feelings and thoughts, is akin to Schons experience of surprise (what Boyd and Fales, 1983, identify as a sense of inner discomfort or bare business). The second stage involves a critical analysis of feelings and knowledge. The final stage of reflection involves the development of a new perspective. Atkins and Murphy argue that both cognitive and affective skills are prerequisites for reflection and that these comply in the processes of self-awareness, critical analysis, synthesis and evaluation (see Appendix 2). In the education field, Grushka, Hinde-McLeod and Reynolds (2005) distinguish between reflection for action, reflection in action and reflection on action (see Appendix 3).They offer a series of technical, practical and critical questions for teachers to engage with. For example, under reflection for action teachers are ad vised to consider their resources and how long the lesson will take (technical) how to make the resources relevant to different learning styles (practical) and to question why they are teaching this incident topic (critical). Zeichner and Liston (1996) differentiate between five different levels at which reflection can take place during teaching1. Rapid reflection immediate, ongoing and automatic action by the teacher.2. make up in which a thoughtful teacher makes decisions to alter their behaviour in response to students cues.3. Review when a teacher thinks about, discusses or writes about some element of their teaching.4. Research when a teacher engages in more systematic and sustained thinking over time, perhaps by collecting data or meter reading research.5. Retheorizing and reformulating the process by which a teacher critically examines their own practice and theories in the light of academic theories. While Schons work has inspired many such models of reflection and categories of reflective practice, it has also draw criticism. Eraut (2004) faults the work for its lack of precision and uncloudedness.Boud and Walker (1998) argue that Schons analysis ignores critical features of the context of reflection. conduct et al (1997) find Schons account and methodology unreflexive, while Smyth (1989) deplores the atheoretical and apolitical quality of his conceptions. Greenwood (1993), meanwhile, targets Schon for downplaying the importance of reflection-before-action. slug (1999) regards Schons pivotal concept of reflection-in-action as unachievable, while Ekebergh (2006) draws onphenomenological philosophy to argue that it is not likely to distance oneself from the lived situation to reflect in the moment. To achieve real self-reflection, she asserts, one needs to step out of the situation and reflect retrospectively (van Manen, 1990). Given this level of criticism, questions have to raised about the wide bridal of Schons work and the wayit has b een applied in professional practice and education (Usher et al, 1997). There have been calls for a more critical, reflexive exploration of the nature of reflective practice.Reflection, critical reflection and reflexivitycontemporary writing on reflective practice invites professionals to engage in both personal reflection and broader brotherly critique. For example, work within the Open Universitys Health and Social Care faculty has put previous a model whereby reflective practice is seen as a synthesis of reflection, self-awareness and critical thinking (Eby, 2000) (see coiffure 1). In this model, the philosophical roots of reflective practice are identified in phenomenology (with its focus on lived experience and personal sentience) and also in critical theory (which fosters the development of a critical consciousness towards emancipation and resisting oppression ).Self-awarenessRoots phenomenology The cognitive ability to think, feel,sense and know through intuition To eva luate the knowledge derived throughself-awareness to develop understandingReflectionRoots existentialphenomenology andcritical theory-interpretive and critical theory tool for promoting self- andsocial awarenessand social action improving self-expression,learning and co-operation links theory and practiceReflectivePracticeCritical thinkingRoots scepticism andcritical theory identifying and challengingassumptions challenging the importanceof context to imagine and explorealternatives which leads toreflective scepticismFigure 1 Skills underpinning the concept of reflective practice. Other authors argue for the concept of critical reflection, which is seen as offering a more thorough-going form of reflection through the use of critical theory (Brookfield, 1995). For adherents of critical reflection, reflection on its own tends to perch at the level of relatively undisruptive changes in techniques or superficial thinking (Fook, White and Gardner, 2006, p.9). In contrast, critical refle ction involves attending to discourse and social and political analysis it seeks to enable transformative social action and change. For Fook (2006), critical reflectionenables an understanding of the way (socially dominant) assumptions may be socially restrictive, and thus enables new, more empowering ideas and practices. Critical reflection thus enables social change dejectning at individual levels. Once individuals become aware of the confidential power of ideas they have absorbed unwittingly from their social contexts, they are indeed freed to make choices on their own scathe.Fook and Askeland argue that the focus of critical reflection should be on connecting individual identity and social contextPart of the power of critical reflection in opening up new perspectives andchoices about practice may only be realized if the connections between individual thinking and identity, and dominant social beliefs are articulated and realized. (Fook and Askeland, 2006, p.53).For Reynolds (1998), four characteristics distinguish critical reflection from other versions of reflection (1) its concern to question assumptions (2) its social rather than individual focus (3) the particular attention it pays to the analysis of power relations and (4) its pursuit of emancipation (Reynolds, 1998). By way of example, Reynolds argues that when managers critically reflect (rather than just reflect) they become aware of the wider environment in which they operate. They begin to grasp the social power exercised by their organisation through its networks and relationships. In the field of teaching, Brookfield (1995) characterises critical reflection as stance and dance. The critically reflective teachers stance toward teaching is one of inquiry and being open to further investigation. The dance involves experimentation and risk towards modifying practice while move to fluctuating, and possibly contradictory, rhythms (Larrivee, 2000).A key concept giving momentum to the idea of re flective practice involving both personal reflection and social critique is reflexivity. Reflexive practitioners engage in critical self-reflection reflecting critically on the impact of their own background, assumptions, positioning, feelings, behaviour while also attending to the impact of the wider organisational, discursive, ideological and political context. The terms reflection, critical reflection and reflexivity are often confused and wrongly assumed to be interchangeable. Finlay and Gough (2003, p. ix) find it helpful to think of these concepts forming a continuum. At one end stands reflection, defined simply as thinking about something after the event. At the other end stands reflexivity a more immediate and active process which involves continuing self-awareness. Critical reflection lies somewhere in between.Previously, Ive proposed five overlapping variants of reflexivity with critical selfreflection at the core introspection intersubjective reflection mutual collaborat ion social critique and humorous deconstruction (Finlay, 2002, 2003). These variants can similarly be applied todistinguishing between the types of reflection practitioners could engage in when reflecting on practice. Reflective practice as introspection involves the practitioner in solitary self-dialogue in which they probe personal meanings andemotions. Intersubjective reflection makes the practitioner focus on the relational context, on the emergent, negotiated nature of practice encounters. With mutual collaboration, a participatory, dialogical approach to reflective practice is sought what Ghaye (2000) calls a reflective conversation. Here, for example, a mentor and student, or members of a team, seek to solve problems collaboratively. Reflective practice as social critique focuses attention on the wider discursive, social and political context. For instance, the practitioner may think about coercive institutional practices or seek to manage the power imbalances inherent in e ducation/practice contexts. Finally, reflective practice as humourous deconstruction would cue into postmodern and poststructural imperatives to deconstruct discursive practices and represent something of the ambiguity and multiplicity of meanings in particular organisational and social contexts. At the very least, a critical and possibly satirical gaze could be turn to challenging the ubiquitously unreflexive rhetoric of reflective practice.In practice, introspection is the dominant mode of reflective practice. Sometimes presented as merely a promising personal attribute (Loughran , 2006), it is a predominantly individualistic and personal exercise (Reynolds and Vince, 2004) in which practitioners tend to focus on their own thoughts, feelings, behaviours and evaluations. This passes as legitimate reflective practice which professionals then can use to advance their cause to fit formal requirements for continuing professional development.While such reflective practice may take pla ce in dialogical contexts such as supervision sessions, the lading stays on the individual practitioner to reflect upon and evaluate their own practice. What is lacking is any mutual, reciprocal, divided up process. Institutional structures and quality assurancesystems encourage, perhaps even require, this individual focus. It starts early on during professional education and training where learners engage professional socialisation and are taught how to reflect, using structured models of reflection.One of the consequences of the lack of consensus and clarity about the concept of reflective practice is the proliferation of different versions and models to operationalise reflective practice.

Relativism in ethics poses serious problems for Christians Essay Example for Free

Relativism in ethics poses serious problems for Christians EssayWith reference to other aspects of human experience, comment on the claim that relativism in ethics poses serious problems for Christians. Justify your answer. 15Ethical relativism is the theory that states clean-livingity is relative to farming and circumstance, meaning the same action may be morally right in integrity connection but be morally wrong in a nonher. For example, well-nigh societies weigh the act of sacrificing either peck or animals is wrong, but there are tribal cultivations that perceive it as part of normal life. If one takes this approach there are no such things as moral absolutes, and this can pose problems for Christians.For most Christians ethics are dependent on rules recorded in the Bible. Paul instructs, Abhor what is evil hang to what is good. In the Old Testament especially there are many empathic statements such as, Do not kill, which do not leave much room for ethical relativi sm. They reject the idea that the ends could permit off the means, because sin is sin no matter what the intentions behind it were. Slick wrote on this topic, I consider moral absolutes to be real because they come from God and not because they are determined by the whims of mankind.One of the of import criticisms of ethical relativism from within Christian circles is how it leads to a subjective view on morality. If there are no fixed moral truths then that leaves the individual as the supreme moral agent. Under this theory it could be argued the Holocaust was moral after all, it was the view of that culture that Jews should be exterminated. Anti-Semitism was a societal norm. Groothuis instal forward this view Surely any morally sane person must ethically chasten Nazi atrocities as evil but relativism cannot permit such judgments. The morality of everything is relative even genocide. military personnel are tainted by sin and therefore are predisposed to make poor choices.O n the other hand, relativism does not necessarily mean that anything is acceptable. This is too simplistic a way of looking at it. For example, Peter Singer would describe himself as a believer in ethical relativity, but he wrote, what has to be shown to put practical ethics on a sound basis is that ethical reason out is possible. He rejected the idea of moral absolutes but also rejected the idea that you could not notice the choices of others. He stated that human reason is a major factor when it comes to decision making, and that it is not hardly a case of choosing what pleases you most.Many Christians have no problem reconciling the Bible with a relativistic approach to ethics. After all, even the Bible contains things that modern day believers do not adhere to such as slavery. When the Bible addresses a topic it should not be compared against the sensibilities of the modern world, but rather against the culture of the ones to whom the Bible was addressed. The Bible was writte n a long time ago by fallible adult male and Christian denominations such as the United Methodist Church in the USA hold a position of ethical relativism. This has led them to performing same-sex weddings and other things that set them apart from their conservative counterparts. They see relativism not as a problem for Christians, but something that can free them from legalism and allow them to be more loving. inflexible adherence to Sola Scriptura when it comes to ethics can reject the believers own conscience and work of the consecrate Spirit, which are also a necessary part of moral decisions. This is similar to those that espouse Christian utilitarianism and believe that God wants them to be happy, even if it requires breaking Biblical law. In the words of Zack Hunt, Dont let dogma and doctrine get in the way of practicing Love, who is God.

Our Duties to the Environment Essay Example for Free

Our Duties to the Environment EssayTechnology, unfortunately, has two-faces while it privy aid the human race in succour tasks, curing countless diseases, and even lengthening life spans, it can also destroy the earth and its inhabitants. on that point is much good to be said about the development of the human race when it comes to technology, but it cannot be denied that insofar as Mother Earth is concerned, there were countless of damages inflicted through the process of development. in that respect is a need to evaluate the costs and problems that will be met whenever new developments arise, as well as find means to finally minimize these problems. In order to come up with the information on how much(prenominal) problems may be minimized, there needs to be an analysis of the literature regarding such issues (Pojman and Vaughn 895). disrespect the fact that various literature has been written about the problem, the human race cannot escape the fact that they force have n ot done enough to address such issues.Our Duties to the Environment shows that in order for such problems to be solved, there is a need for humans to acknowledge the fact that technology and development can cause as much harm as good to everyone. Work Cited Pojman, Louis, and Lewis Vaughn. Our Duties to the Environment. The Moral Life An foregoing Reader in Ethics and Literature. , Louis Pojman and Lewis Vaughn. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2006. 893-895. Print.

Environmental problems Essay Example for Free

Environmental problems EssayThere be numerous environmental problems facing our artificial satellite at the moment. Economic globalisation is causing destruction of rainforests in South America while oil production a hole through the ozone layer, global warming occurs because of the increased emissions by transport and industries, melting of frosty ice-caps is threatening low-lying coastal areas, damage of marine resources through overfishing is taking place, acid rain and befoulment of soil and groundwater resources results from using chemicals and artificial fertilisers to boost crop output, incidence of hurricanes and other natural disasters is increasing. There is itsy-bitsy consensus within both academic and lay circles as to whether the personality is able to cope with the environmental problems itself. In my opinion, ecosystems have a great potential of restoring the state of natural balance however, the devastating influence of the worldly concern has significantl y belowmined this ability. At the dawn of the 21st century, environmental problems are looming large, and many processes are already irreversible.For instance, species that became nonextant due to mans activity could have been essential elements of certain nutrition chains and habitants. The absolute frequency of large-scale natural calamities, especially in the places that have been for a long time considered relatively safe, is a telling manifestation of the inability of nature to sustain its balanced state. Yet the film argues that today is on the nose the day when the humanity can redeem its attitude to nature and prevent a global catastrophe.Therefore, the imply for a different approach to the relations between the mankind and environment is necessary. It is imperative to carry on conservation and purification activities coupled with a persistent effort by both businesses and individuals to reduce (and, under the dream scenario, to stop) their environmentally damaging act ivities. Both individuals and corporations can make a considerable contri yetion to fillet (or at least slowing down) the degradation of the environment.In fact, many individuals seldom realize how their consumption patters are contributing to the aggravation of the situation. The culture of consumerism that constitutes the underlying philosophy of the West fuels unnecessary overproduction reconsidering ones consumption pattern can be the first step on the long way of economic system the Earth. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, the adoption of Western consumerist lifestyle by developing nations poses great dangers and has to be stopped in advance it firmly catches on.Such an approach implies not only reduction in consumption of non-essential goods and services but also buying from companies that are known to use environmentally-benign technologies in the process of production. The question as to who give suffer first, the Earth or the humans, is incorrect in its essence. Such thinkin g astir(predicate) the environment is the fundament cause of the imminent crisis. It is a fatal mistake to think that man is the king of nature. Indeed, our disconnection from the nature resulted in the great degree of alienation and ignorance.While human species is an inherent part of the Earths global ecosystems, men prefer to view themselves as outsiders, superior to other species. Such approach brought about the overexploitation of the Earths resources, considerable environmental damage, and global warming. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, in many countries, equal in Sudan, environmental problems are inherently and explicitly linked to survival through the supply of food and drinking water.In China, pollution at factories equally harms humans and nature. The future of our planet in 50 years is solely dependent on the measures the humankind implements now to prevent the imminent crisis. Hertsgaard (2000) associates hopes with new environmentally friendly industries such as solar p ower. Given the changing attitudes towards environmental problems, growing awareness, and public constitution commitment to betterment of our natural habitat, the outlook for the Earth is not as grim as some(a) doomsayers think.