HIV and Its Coreceptors Outline Essay -- Biology AIDS

What is HIV?The Human Immune System * In state to understand HIV, one and only(a) must understand the human immune system. The stolon preeminence of demurral is a persons skin, mucous membranes, and different secretions which prevent pathogens from ever entering your proboscis. Pathogens are considered things your clay does not want, for modeling bacteria and viruses. * The second line of defence mechanism includes nonspecific mechanisms which attempt to take hold the spread of pathogens throughout ones body. The second line of defense relies heavily on the use of white blood cells, which ingest encroaching(a) organisms. About 5% of white blood cells are made of monocytes, which bourgeon into macrophages. The role of these macrophages is vital to the human immune system, as they are equal to(p) to engulf pathogens without having to self destruct. * The bodys third line of defense is a highly specific means of distinguishing self from non-self and destroying all non-self. altogether of one persons cells are marked with a bizarre set of proteins which label them as self. Certain cells in the body are capable of recognizing every antigen (molecules belonging to viruses/bacteria) that may enter ones body over a lifetime. These cells include macrophages, T-Cells, B Cells, and midland thymus cells. These cells rely on Helper T-Cells to alert them of antigens in the body, therefrom creating an immune response. Once recognized, Killer T-Cells actively destroy pathogens and even the bodys own cells if that have been invaded by a pathogen. How HIV attacks the embody * As commonly known, HIV cannot penetrate your immune systems first line of defense. You cannot contract HIV by breathing bad air or by holding the hand of somebody who is HIV positive. You have to wo... ... lymphocytes. Phipps and outset observed Fyn Kinase activity in patients with and without HIV. Those with HIV contained high Fyn Kinase activity and depressive disorder le vels of Fyn protein. They also found that Fyn Kinase activity increases within 30 minutes of transmitting of the CD4+ T cells. This new-found information revolutionized the way testing for HIV occurs. ReferencesAlkhatib, G. et al, CC CKR5 A RANTES, MIP-alpha, MIP-1 beta Receptor as a Fusion Cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 272, 1955 (1996).Grimes, W., R. Hallick, M. Hewlett, J. Aronson, and B. Fishel. biological science 181 Laboratory Manual 2002. Hayden-McNeil Publishing, Inc.Moore, J.P. Co-receptors Implications for HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy. Science 276, 51, 1997.Purves, W., D. Sadava, G. Orians, and H. Heller. Life The Science of biological science , Sixth Edition 2001. Sinauer Associates, Inc.