Filipinos and the Reproductive Health Bill Essay

The productive wellness note more than comm except known as the RH Bill is one of the most controversial bills that are being discussed today. It was wholly upstartly, however, that much attention had been directed towards it.The slaying of laws provisioning almost the same circumscribe as the RH Bill today dates back in the late 1960s during the reign of former President Ferdinand Marcos. At that time, Family readiness was adopted by the administration purely for the purpose of population reduction towards the alleviation of poverty, as is the governings commitment to population control give tongue tod in The 1973 Constitution, It shall be the responsibility of the introduce to achieve and maintain population levels conducive to the national welfare (Likhaan and ARROW 17). Unfortunately, when the Marcos administration was replaced by the Aquino administration, the ground for the government Family Planning broadcast became shaky. It was attempted to be abolished twice unless was saved through its transfer from the Department of Social Welfare to the Department of wellness in 1988 due to twain local and international pressures (17).During the Ramos administration, the Philippine approach towards population control shifted from the previous population control framework to the fruitful wellness approach (Likhaan and ARROW 17). This was a result of the Philippine participation to the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo, Egypt (17). It was to a fault under this political science that Secretary of Health, Dr. Juan Flavier funded the purchase of contraceptives and launched an anti-AIDS squeeze heavily featuring condoms despite fervent opposition from the rulers of the Catholic Church (17). A legacy that perhaps he passed on to his achieveror Dr. Carmencita Reodica who was the brain behind the implementation of an Integrated procreative Health Program within the DOH (17).As an otherwise change in administrat ion took place however, the reproductive wellness programs stated above were abolished and while the new regime have tried to present newer programs for the improvement of Philippine reproductive health, none were implemented due to the ousting of Estrada which thence brought us the Macapagal-Arroyo administration (Likhaan and ARROW 17-18). It is said that it was in this administration that government reproductive health programs previously implemented by former administrations regressed (18). Two larger-than-life events happened during this time. get-go was the banning of the emergency contraceptive pill called Postinor which raised a torrent of rallies and protests from health and womens NGOs and the second was Arroyos announcement that she would veto the proposed generative Health Bill at that time even if it were passed because she believes that it is a pro-abortion bill(18).The struggle for the passage of the RH Bill, however, did non stop there. As the current regime led b y Pres. Benigno Aquino, Jr. took over, the fire brought by this controversial debate has been lit once more. The bill has undergone a few revisions and the anti-RH and pro-RH factions have continued their unvarying debate. The anti-RH faction, back up by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), other so-called Pro-Life Organizations, and some famous personalities like Manny Pacquiao, argue that the bill is anti-Life, anti-Poor, unconstitutional and anti-God. The pro-RH faction supported by Health and Women NGOs, International Organizations, and overly various personalities like Lea Salonga and Sen. Mirriam Santiago on the other hand, believes that the RH Bill is pro-Life, pro-Poor, pro-Choice, constitutional and NOT anti-God.On my part, I stand by the pro-RH faction. The Reproductive Health Bill is an important step towards the improvement of the grapheme of life of every Filipino, and I believe that it is the governments responsibility to allow its people to take this crucial step forward. In what follows, I will explain why I think that the Reproductive Health Bill should be passed. Women EmpowermentMany Filipinos are unaware of the real purpose behind the Reproductive Health Bill, or to be more exact, The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population and Development Act of 2011. Most usually, debates between the anti-RH faction and the pro-RH faction end up with the topic of overpopulation and whether decreasing the population ontogeny rate would solve most of the problems plaguing the Filipino nation. I myself had been misled by these recurrent arguments and thought that perhaps the point behind this bill was to decrease the rate by which our population grows. Further examination of the bill however proved me wrong. The purpose of the legislators in presenting this bill was non to decrease the population growth rate of Filipinos kinda it is to empower them most especially its most vulnerable sector, the Filipino wom en.Reproductive Health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the expertness to reproduce and the emancipation to decide if, when and how often to do so. Also, they added, it implies the presence of the right of access to appropriate health care services that will allow women to go through pregnancy and childbirth safely (WHO).Unfortunately for the Philippines, the lack of a comprehensive reproductive health law has drawn its toll on women producing a high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 162 per 100,000 live births (Pernia, et.al.). This means that nearly 11 women die every day during childbirth (NSO, 2006). Another effect of the absence of a comprehensive law that offers effective reproductive health care services is an Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 25 per 1000 infants (Dizon). In other words, there is a total of 62, 000 infant finishs every year, or 169 deaths every day (Dizon). Aside from those, there is an estimated 473,400 women who have abortion every year, 90% of them through by married women, producing a rate of 27 abortions out of 1000 women aged 15-44 years old (Pangalangan, Juarez, et.al). Also, 78,900 women among those who had abortion are hospitalized due to post-abortion complications (Juarez, et.al). What is sad about this is that all this deaths and complications could have been prevented and attended to if women were generated with proper and enough family planning and health care services.The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2011 aims to harbor women from the aforementioned complications of having no quick available reproductive health and family planning services (HB 4244). In Section 5 of menage Bill 4244, entitled Midwives for happy Attendance, the bill ensures the availability of full time, skilled and properly trained birth attendants for women at a ratio of one (1) birth attendant per a ampere-second and fifty (150) deliveries per year (HB 4244). Also in Section 6 of the same bill, each province and city, assisted by the DOH, would establish or upgrade hospitals with sufficient and qualified personnel, facilities and supplies that would change them to provide efficient and effective emergency obstetric care (HB 4244). Aside from that, private and non-government reproductive health care service providers including only when not limited to gynecologists and obstetricians are mandated in House Bill 4244s Section 22 to provide at least 48 hours annually of reproductive health care services which involves data and education, and rendering medical services free of charge to indigent and low income patients, especially to pregnant adolescents (HB 4244).However, these are not the only provisions that the Reproductive Health Bill offers women and their children. In Section 8 of Ho use Bill 4244, the government ensures that a Minimum Initial usefulness Package (MISP) for reproductive health includes maternal and neonatal health care kits and services defined by the DOH would be ensured for women in crisis situations such as disasters (e.g. earthquakes, flood) and humanitarian crises (e.g. famines, epidemics). The MISP will become a part of the initial response of government units and national agencies at the onset of crises and emergencies (HB 4244).Also, in House Bill 4244s Section 14 maximum benefits as provided by PhilHealth programs would be given to serious and life threatening reproductive health conditions such as AIDS, embrace and reproductive tract cancers, obstetric complications and other similar conditions. Aside from maternal health care services, the bill also promises to provide a full cheat of modern family planning methods to be available in all accredited health facilities which, for unworthy patients, shall be fully covered by PhilHeal th Insurance and the government on a no balance billing (Section 7, HB 4244). These provisions of the bill are important in protecting women from the risks brought by pregnancy and from the difficulties caused by unplanned pregnancies.According to a research report published jointly by the Guttmacher Institute and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) Better timing and set of births can reduce complications related to pregnancy and delivery, and improve the health of women and their infants (Singh S, et.al).Also, according to this same research, if contraceptive needs for women are met sufficiently, the number of induced abortions would decline by 70% in the developing world (Singh S, et.al). Providing women with these reproductive health services also move in accordance to the Magna Carta for Women. In Section 13 of House Bill No. 4273, the law insures women the access to information and services related to their health. This includes maternal care which involv es pre-natal and post-natal services that would address a muliebritys pregnancy, and the health and nutrition of both the mother and the infant, and legal, ethical, medically safe and effective family planning methods (HB 4273).Despite the many advantages that the Reproductive Health Bill offers to women however, there are cool it those who desire to hinder the passage of this bill. One of these detractors is the CBCP who pleads that the bill is anti-life and unconstitutional. What saddened me however is that in one of their statements, they have summed up choosing to defend the RH Bill as choosing death (Odchimar). I quote We are at a crossroads as a nation. Before us are several versions of a proposed bill, the Reproductive Health bill or sanitized as a Responsible Parenthood bill. This proposed bill in all its versions calls us to make a moral pickaxe to choose life or to choose death (Odchimar).Reading this statement caused a moment of irritation which swiftly turned to sadn ess as I realized how mis informed my fellow Filipinos were. The Reproductive Health Bill is not anti-life it is, through thorough examination, explicitly pro-Life (Pangalangan, Pernia et.al).The Reproductive Health Bill will not only protect a womans right to make a choice but also protect her life and the life of her child. Providing quality health care services to women will alleviate fight the complications of pregnancy and even help avoid induced abortions (Pernia, et.al, Pangalangan, Lagman). Choosing the Reproductive Health Bill would never be equal to choosing death.In this same statement by the CBCP, they also shared one of the reasons why they specifically object to the RH Bill Advocates also assert that the RH Bill empowers women with ownership of their own bodies. This is in line with the post-modern spirit declaring that women have power over their own bodies without the dictation of any religion. How false this so-called new truth is (Odchimar)That women own their bo dies is subject to each and their own beliefs. I myself, even as a woman, do not believe that I own this body with which I move and act. I acknowledge that this body of mine was something given to me by the Lord and therefore his, yet it must also be acknowledged that not all Filipinos share this same belief. First of all, not all Filipinos are Catholics and it is wrong to deprive them of the support they ask of the state simply because the religious leaders of the most prevalent religion disagree with it (Pangalangan, Pernia, et.al). Second, 90% among the 97% who claim that they want the RH Bill to be passed are Catholics which shows how pressing this matter is (Pangalangan).Whether or not our bodies were our own or just borrowed from the Lord, the fact that it needs protection, support and sufficient health services could not be denied. About 60% of Filipinos are dependent on the government for the provision of family planning services and it is the governments responsibility to m ake it continuously and quick available for them (Pangalangan).The Reproductive Health Bill will provide women with sufficient, efficient and effective family planning and reproductive health care services. This will not only benefit women but their children as well. It would protect them in many ways and help preserve lives that need not be lost. Family Planning MethodsFamily Planning allows individuals and couples to reside and achieve their preferred number of children and the spacing and timing of their births (WHO). There are many mediums of contraceptives that have been invented and developed through time. Mostly, they are divided into two categories ingrained Family Planning (NFO) methods and kitschy Family Planning (AFP) methods. pictorial Family Planning Methods mainly involves determining when a woman is fertile or not and having intercourse during days when binding would not pass along (IRH). The effectiveness of this method is dependent on many factors however, th ese include faithful participation between sexual partners, accuracy in predicting the womans fertile days and ability to perfectly follow the methods they choose (IRH). Aside from that, there are women, in fact a lot of them, for whom Natural Family Planning methods may not work, considering this, the achievement rate of NFP methods are comparatively lower than Artificial Family Planning methods (IRH). Artificial Family Planning Methods are methods that employ impertinent factors.This involves pills, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, implants, Intrauterine devices (IUDs), male and female sterilization, condoms, etc (WHO/RHR). A variation of these methods may work depending on the situation of the women or men involved, however, most of the time the success rates of these methods are fairly higher than NFP methods (WHO/RHR). In the Reproductive Health Bill, a full range of Family Planning (FP) methods would be made available in all accredited health facilities (Section 7, HB 4 244). Also, they would be labeled as native medicines, which means that they would be part of the National Drug Formulary and would be included in the regular purchase of essential supplies of all public hospitals and health units (Section 10, HB 4244). This would help many Filipino families, especially the poor, in achieving only the size of the family they desire (Pernia, et.al). In recent statistics, evidences that the poor prefer humiliateder families but are incapable of achieving this because of lack of accessibility of Family Planning Methods have been anchor (Pernia, et.al).Recently, a survey by the Social Weather Station showed that 97% of Filipinos want to be able to control their fertility and plan their families (Pangalangan). Allowing access to readily available Family Planning Methods would be an efficient response to this call. Aside from that there is ripe(p) reason for promoting both Natural and Artificial Family Planning methods. In a discussion paper released by the UP work of Economics, they said that ensuring access to the full range of modern (artificial) FP methods cum appropriate information raises the success rate of achieving the desired family size.Limiting FP options to natural family planning (NFP) methods only fails to address the private and social costs of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies (Pernia, et.al). Providing both Artificial and Natural Family Planning methods would allow for greater success rate in achieving the desired family size of Filipinos. However, this is not the only good effect of Family Planning methods. Some Family Planning methods, when aright used, may help prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (WHO). Use of Family Planning methods also reduces occurrences of induced abortions (WHO).This provisioning of FP methods also supports the recognition of the family as an autonomous institution that has the right to found a family in accordance to their desired number and spa cing of children (WHO, 1987 Constitution). Despite the advantages of offering both Natural and Artificial methods of Family Planning however, there are those who say that only Natural Family Planning methods should be supported by the bill. This is because, for these anti-RH groups, Artificial Family Planning methods are abortifacients and are unsafe. First of all, there is a big difference between a contraceptive and an abortifacient. To put it in simple terms, a contraceptive is something used to prevent fertilisation between a sperm and an egg while an abortifacient is something used to kill an already fertilized egg. Despite my belief that there is no need to fine-tune further, I still shall reiterate it Contraceptive methods are not abortifacients. Second, the provision of family planning methods requires counseling with a family planning provider (Magallon).These family planning provider/counselors forge to advise a couple of the most appropriate method for their situation and also to screen those who wish to avail of these methods (Magallon). One of the things they require of the couple is information on whether the woman is pregnant or not, or if sexual intercourse happened between them inside a certain period of time (Magallon). If it so happens that sexual intercourse occurred and/or the woman were pregnant, the family planning counselor would either ask them to wait and confirm first if the woman is pregnant or not provide a method of family planning to the woman (Magallon).This they do to avoid any bad effects that a contraceptive might have on an already existing child (Magallon). Another claim against artificial contraceptives, especially of oral contraceptive pills, is that they have been found to be carcinogenic agents in a recent research conducted by the Womens Health Initiatives and was classified so by the International Agency for look on Cancer (Position Paper on the RH bill). In all fairness, further research on my side lead me to the conclusion that this information is true. However, while it is true that OCPs are aggroup 1 carcinogens, it is also true that use of OCPs prevent endometrial and ovarian cancers (Associated Press). Aside from that, I think it is worthy to point out that the dosages used in the studies from which the conclusion was made were, to quote Dr. Steven Goldstein, professor of the bran-new York University Medical Center, 2 to 4 times higher than the dosages Im using today in most women referring to the pills she provides her clients with (Associated Press).Also, according to director of analytic epidemiology of the American Cancer Society Eugene Calle, the evidence of increase in breast cancer risk is very small and transient, which means that it disappears as soon as the intake of the pills is stopped (Associated Press). Providing Filipinos with both Artificial and Natural Family Planning Methods may have a few disadvantages but I believe that the advantages of these actions outgo all the cons. If the Reproductive Health Bill is passed, considering its main thrust is promoting full information and providing access to and choice amongst the full choice of family planning methods whether natural or artificial more unintended pregnancies would be prevented thus reducing the current MMR of the Philippines and saving the lives of not only women but children as well (Pernia et al.) Effects of the Reproductive Health BillA lot of effects other than those mentioned before may come from the passage of the Reproductive Health Bill. One of these miscellaneous effects is that it would help reduce the population growth rate which would then produce a sort of chain reaction that would help alleviate poverty especially in the poorest areas here in the country (Alonzo, et.al, Pernia, et.al). This happens because parents who are able to space their children and acquire their desired family size are more capable to bear the cost of raising and educating their children (Pernia, et.al). Once educated, these children would then be able to help raise their families above poverty through work and short letter (Pernia, et.al).Another effect of the Reproductive Health Bill is it encourages women to exercise their right to choose and their free will (Lagman). Women would be given the chance to make informed choices on matters that affect them the most (Lagman).The promotion of an age-appropriate sex-education program would also help teenagers determine how to act in the face of sexual confusion (Lagman). It will fire correct sexual values and instill both consciousness of the freedom of choice and responsibilities of exercising ones rights (Lagman). Knowledge on these matters is important because health risks associated with mistimed and unplanned pregnancies are higher for women who become pregnant while still in their adolescent ages (Pernia, et.al).Against all these good effects however, there are those who claim that if the RH Bill would be passed then a so -called demographic winter inverse triangle population, with the old above and the young below would occur in the Philippines (Position paper on the RH bill). This, according to some UP Professors of Economics has been greatly exaggerated and could only be considered as a scare tactic that intends to instill fear in peoples minds and which was probably spread by people who do not get a line population dynamics or worse, who intend to mislead (Alonzo et al., also cited in Lagman). ConclusionThe RH Bill empowers women. It reinforces the peoples freedom to choose and freedom to be informed. It protects not only the sanctity of life but the quality of life that a child will have once he is born. It is pro-life, pro-women and pro-choice.The Reproductive Health bill also aims to protect women from the many complications of pregnancy and childbirth. It also aims to provide better care for every child born. Aside from that, the RH Bill will enable Filipinos to protect themselves better f orm sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS.Both Artificial and Natural Family Planning Methods are essential for the implementation of a comprehensive reproductive health law. These methods are scientifically proven safe and though some might have adverse effects, the advantages of these methods outweigh the risks they may present.The Reproductive Health Bill is a bill that allows spouses to plan their families and gain only the children they can provide for. It will help many poor families in investing more for their children and can alleviate poverty even if it cannot make it disappear altogether. The Reproductive Health Bill will also enable the youth to understand their rights and their responsibilities and promote proper sexual values.Understanding all this, I call for the immediate passage of the Reproductive Health Bill for the good of the Filipino nation.Works Cited1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. The LAWPHiL Project. Arellano Law Foundation, n.d. We b. 5 September 2011. Alonzo Ruperto P., Arsenio M. Balisacan, Dante B. Canlas, Joseph J. Capuno, Ramon L. Clarete, Rolando A. Danao, Emmanuel S. de Dios, Benjamin E. Diokno, Emmanuel F. Esguerra, Raul V. Fabella, Ma. Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, Aleli P. Kraft, Felipe M. Medalla, Nimfa F. Mendoza, Solita C. Monsod, Cayetano W. Paderanga, Jr., Ernesto M. Pernia, Stella A. Quimbo, Gerardo P. Sicat, Orville C. Solon, Edita A. Tan, Gwendolyn R. Tecson. Population and Poverty The Real Score* (DP 2004-15). Discussion Paper. UP educate of Economics December 2004. Web. 5 September 2011. PDF. AssociatedPress. Hormone pills added to list of carcinogens. msnbc.com. 29 July 2005. Web. 5 September 2011. Contraception. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2008. The Gale Group Inc. Web. 5 September 2011. Lagman, Edcel. Reproductive health bill Facts, fallacies. INQUIRER.net. 3 August 2008. Web. 5 September 2011. Retrieved from Likhaan and ARROW. State of Filipino Womens Reproductive Rights 10 Years P ost Cairo Shadow Report. Research in Brief. 2004. Print. Pernia, Ernesto M. Stella Alabastro-Quimbo, Maria Joy V. Abrenica, Ruperto P. Alonzo, Agustin L. Arcenas, Arsenio M. Balisacan, Dante B. Canlas, Joseph J. Capuno, Ramon L. Clarete, Rolando A. Danao, Emmanuel S. de Dios, Aleli dela Paz-Kraft, Benjamin E. Diokno, Emmanuel F. Esguerra, Raul V. Fabella, Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, Teresa J. Ho, Felipe M. Medalla, Maria Nimfa F. Mendoza, Solita C. Monsod, Toby Melissa C. Monsod, Fidelina Natividad-Carlos, Cayetano W. Paderanga, Gerardo P. Sicat, Orville C. Solon, Edita A. Tan, and Gwendolyn R. Tecson. Population, Poverty, Politics and the Reproductive Health Bill (DP 2011-01). Discussion Paper. UP School of Economics February 2011. Web. 5 September 2011. PDF. Retrieved from Philippines. Cong. House. The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2011. 15th Cong., 1st sess. HB 4244. PDF. Position Paper on RH bill by Individual Faculty, Stu dents and Alumni of the University of the Philippines. iPetition.com. n.d. Web. 5 September 2011. Retrieved from Singh S et al., Adding It Up The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health, New York Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund, 2009. (Suggested citation) WHO. Reproductive Health. World Health Organization. n.d. Web. 18 October 2011. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/topics/reproductive_health/en/ WHO. Family Planning. World Health Organization. n.d. Web. 18 October 2011. Retrieved from WHO.