Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Essay -- History Architectural goth

Romanesque and knightly ArchitectureThe 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and gothic degrees, a great cathedral construction boom occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the Romanesque monuments and the introduction of the cruciform aim but also for the introduction of the Gothic era art within the Cathedrals which included the inclusion of art the radiating Rose Window, column figures and the gargoyle among many others. in spite of appearance Europe, there was a progression of architectural styles, many of which atomic number 18 still evident in the monuments today. The major styles are considered as Carolingian (800-900 AD) Ottonian (1000s) Romanesque (1000s- 1100s) Gothic (late 1100s-1400s). plot of land Romanesque is considered as the architectural style which preceded the Gothic, many of the distinct Romanesque give births found within the great cathedrals of Europe were lost to the greater Gothic movement. However, many Romanesque features, as swell as the earlier Carolingian reside within the Gothic-built monuments.The Romanesque name is deliberate in its direct relation to the styling designs found in Rome and there around distinctive feature is their massiveness as opposed to the much more thin monuments of the Gothic era which followed. An important structural development during the Romanesque time period was the fund of the vault. The vault was originally designed as an alternative to the more fire prone wooden roofs but soon became a major architectural feature in all cathedrals.The Romanesque era and style also refers to the Norman variations in the church architecture which also occurred in the late 12th century. The Tw in towers are considered examples of the typical Norman facade developed during the Romanesque period and which are now considered a standard of medieval cathedrals. Another development during the relatively short Romanesque period was the origins of the cruciform structure of the church in that church plans (as seen from above) are in the form of a crucifix a feature usually associated with the later Gothic styles but which had originate... ..., which was obviously influenced by Roman architecture saw the development of massive structures and Cathedrals and also included the introduction of the architectural features of the vaulted roofs. The Gothic period and saw the development of the Cathedral construction boom in which several innovative art forms were also introduced in the Church design. BIBLIOGRAPHY1.Cedron, R. Romanesque Foundations Stones of Learning. Earthlore. http//www.elore.com/Gothic/Learning/romanesque.htm.2.Cedron, R. Blackford, N. (2001). Gothic Dreams Appreciatin g a Cultural Legacy. Earthlore. http//www.elore.com/Gothic/introduction.htm.3.Cedron Blackford, N. (2002). Art Periods and Styles related to Gothic Architecture. Earthlore.http//www.elore.com/Gothic/Glossary/periods.htm.4.KMLA Korean Minjok Leadership Academy. (2001, September 17). Basilicae, Cathedrals, Abbeys - Large Scale Ecclesiastic Architecture. human race History at KMLA. http//www.zum.de/whkmla/art/hma/cathedrals.html.5.Neagley, L. Gothic and Romanesque Architecture. Rice University, Humanities Electronic Studio Project. http//www.owlnet.rice.edu/hart205/Cathedrals/Plan/plan.html.

Not Everyone Can Be a Servant Leader Essay -- Servant Leadership

There are ten characteristics of a servant leader audition ( converse between leaders and followers as an interactive process that includes sending and receiving messages), empathy (standing in the shoes of another person and seeing the world from their depute of view), healing (to make whole by caring about the well-being of their followers), awareness (being acutely attuned and receptive to physical, social and political environments), persuasion (clear and persistent communication that convinces someone to change), conceptualization (ability to be a visionary for an organization and providing a clear sense of its goals and direction), foresight (ability to know the future and predict what is coming establish on what is happening now and what has occurred in the past), stewardship (taking responsibility for the lead role and accepting responsibility to carefully mange the people and organization), commitment to the growth of people (helping for each one person grow personally a nd professionally), and building community (fostering the development of the community), (Spears, 2002 as cited in Northouse 2013).I think that most people are probably suitable to be servant leaders however, I do not agree that everyone can learn to be a servant leader or level desire to be a servant leader. A servant leader as stated above has to have certain characteristics. Not everyone has all of these characteristics nor do I think these characteristics can be learned. It seems to me, either you have them or you dont. If you dont have all these characteristics, it would seem to me that servant leadership wouldnt be as effective and therefore, would have greater chance of failure on both the leader and the follower. For example, some people sim... ...ply dont want to put forth such a tremendous amount of behavior that is required to be a servant leader.I think that if the unspoiled type of individual is selected, servant leadership can produce very good results not only for the leader, but also the follower and ultimately the organization. As Norhouse (2013), explains, servant leadership has been used in a variety of organizations including Starbucks, AT&T, Southwest and more. It has also been taught at many colleges and universities as well. I think that with the indemnify individual and the right training, it is a very successful type of leadership however, I still dont agree that everyone can learn to be a servant leader.ReferencesNorthouse, P.G. (2013). Servant Leadership. In L.C. Shaw & P. Quinlin (Eds.), Leadership theory and practice (6th ed.) (pp.219-252). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications, Inc.

Carson McCullers - Exploring the Depths of the Human Heart :: Biography Biographies Essays

Carson McCullers - Exploring the Depths of the Human Heart With poignant insight and compassion Carson McCullers (1917-1967) wrote of human l matchlessliness, unfulfilled love, and the frailty of the human heart. Of all the characters in the work of Carson McCullers, the one who seemed to her family and friends to be most like the author herself was Frankie Addams the vulner fit, exasperating, and endearing adolescent of The Member of the Wedding who was looking for the we of me. However, Carson once said that was, or became in the process of writing, all the characters in her work. This is probable true of most real writers who often with pain draw from their unconscious what the rest of us would just as soon keep hidden from ourselves and others. So accept the fact that Carson was not only Frankie Addams notwithstanding J.T. Malone, Miss Amelia, and Captain Penderton but familiarity with the work that she was not able to finish would only be only a partial clue to wh o and what she was. This was not simply because she had not finished what she had to say, but that she was the artist, and as she often quoted, cipher human is alien to me. So many people were unable to acknowledge Carsons constant closeness to death, and many more resented her for trying to make them face it, but she had lived through enough close calls to convince everyone that she was indestructible. Carson saw her life one way and those intimate with her often perceived it differently. Intentionally or unintentionally, she added to the confusion about herself. An interviewer was more likely to be cannily interviewed than to extract an interview from her. Besides, she simply liked a good story and frequently embellished the more amusing ones of her life. The one person who singled out this quality in a particularly loving way was Tennessee Williams in his unpublished essay Praise to Assenting Angels The great extension of writers that emerged in the twenties, poets such as Eliot, Crane, Cummings, and Wallace Stevens, prose-writers such as Faulkner, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Katharine Anne Porter, has not been succeeded or supplemented by any new figures of corresponding stature with the sole exception of the surpassing young talent that first appeared in 1940 with the publication of her first novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter.

Essay --

Canadas tried to remove assurances that Canada would support its allies in coming(prenominal) wars, but failed. In 1921, Canadas population was approximately 9 million citizens from which the majority was English Canadians. Canada was troubled by the lack of unity with its people. Disagreements and arguments arose that interfere regimes policies Many French Canadians wanted to separate Quebec from the rest of Canada. In the general elections held in 1921, the adult Party held the most seats and won the elections. The liberal party was led by Mackenzie King. Mackenzie King served as a prime minister of Canada three times from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. He worked to improve Canadian self-government in irrelevant relations and to unite English and French Canadians. J.S Woodsworth together with William Irvine won seats in the Canadian Parliament. Together they wanted churches in Canada and that the government to give out more active on such social issues as alcoho l abuse, the hardship of immigrants, labor conditions, poverty and prostitution. Canada was asked and other dominions to send troops to help enter to help the British to hold a position at the Turkish port in Chanak. Canada disagreed to support Britain in the potential war with Turkey. First time, Canada did not automatically support Britain in war. In the Imperial Conference in London, Mackenzie King eager for having a common foreign rule for all the British Empire. In 1923 Canada signed freely with the U.S. the halibut treaty to control fishing in the Atlantic, pacific oceans and the Great Lakes. First time, Canada signed a treaty without including Britain. At the Imperial Conference Canada was allowed to sign treaties on i... ...the Canadian confederation in 1949. 1972, British citizens living in Canada are no longer able to take in the Canadian elections. Canadian medals for military courage, bravery and valor were created and given. 1980, the Canadian national anthem was cr eated. Dominion day is renamed Canada Day 2004, letter of credibility from foreign ambassadors are now formally addressed to the governor general of Canada. 1982,Constitution act is revised No longer can the British parliament make changes in Canadas constitution. In 1925 Mackenzie King made his first idea for the national wilt of Canada, it was very hard to get an approval, agreement among all. In 1946, King selected a parliamentary committee to choose a flag design. On Feb, 15, 1965 Canada had its own national flag. Union Jack was Canadas unofficial national flag, it was Britains flag

Teenage Suicide :: Teenage Suicide Essays

When mass think about suicide, they think about someone taking their life sentence away on purpose, or in other words it means, to kill yourself (Marcus 1). Suicide is a dramatic word that can change the way people view things in life. It is a thought that brings a teen to the point of self-murder. It is an event where a young one feels desperation and pain just out front pulling the trigger or jumping off the bridge. Many of those who require thought about suicide or have committed suicide have done so because their life has changed, and many are having difficulty adjusting to it. It is a time where every(prenominal)thing seems to go wrong, and a person starts to feel empty inside. It is like a mystery that could happen to young, old, rich and poor. The only thing a person can do when in that location are signs of suicide is to prevent it from happening, but wherefore is it that people turn over to suicide, and how can a person prevent it from happening?There are about eight y deaths for teenage suicide every day in the United States, and there are about one thousand five hundred teens that attempt suicide. Many fail suicide, which is a skillful thing. After trying to attempt suicide for the first time, many can attempt to cry for help before a second attempt is made. sight need to keep in mind that if a person turns to suicide and achieves suicide, there is nothing a community can do. But there are always many ways in which people can help suicidal teens. Even though there are teenagers who truly want to die, there are ways in which anyone can help if there are warning signs of suicide.In this case there are many ways in which a teenager could turn over to suicide. Loneliness, depression and the abuse of drugs and alcohol are just a few ways. A loss in a teens life could be very traumatizing, and losing a loved one for any reason may bring teenagers into the borderline of killing themselves. cosmos left out and not fitting in with a new group could often lead a teenager into feeling lonely. Loneliness causes a person to lose hope in life. Not having someone to talk to can make a person feel that they are nothing in this world.Depression is another affect that can lead a person into suicide.

Teenage Suicide :: Teenage Suicide Essays

When race think about suicide, they think about someone taking their life outdoor(a) on purpose, or in other words it means, to kill yourself (Marcus 1). Suicide is a dramatic word that can change the way people encounter things in life. It is a thought that brings a teenager to the point of self-murder. It is an event where a young one feels desperation and pain just before puff the trigger or jumping off the bridge. Many of those who have thought about suicide or have committed suicide have make so because their life has changed, and many atomic number 18 having difficulty adjusting to it. It is a time where everything seems to go wrong, and a someone starts to feel empty inside. It is like a arcanum that could happen to young, old, rich and poor. The only thing a person can do when there are signs of suicide is to prevent it from happening, but why is it that people turn over to suicide, and how can a person prevent it from happening?There are about eighty deaths for teena ge suicide every daytime in the United States, and there are about one thousand five hundred teens that attempt suicide. Many fail suicide, which is a good thing. afterwards trying to attempt suicide for the first time, many can attempt to cry for help before a second attempt is made. People essential to keep in mind that if a person turns to suicide and achieves suicide, there is nothing a community can do. But there are invariably many ways in which people can help suicidal teens. Even though there are teenagers who truly want to die, there are ways in which anyone can help if there are warning signs of suicide.In this case there are many ways in which a teenager could turn over to suicide. Loneliness, depression and the abuse of drugs and alcohol are just a few ways. A loss in a teens life could be very traumatizing, and losing a loved one for any reason may bring teenagers into the borderline of killing themselves. Being leave out and not fitting in with a new group could o ften lead a teenager into feeling lonely. Loneliness causes a person to lose hope in life. Not having someone to talk to can make a person feel that they are nothing in this world. belief is another affect that can lead a person into suicide.

Thailand: Analysis of the General Insurance Industry

Brochure More information from http//www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/606283/ siamese connectionland amends sphere of influence Description Thailand is the second largest economy in Southeast Asia, after Indonesia. It ranks midway in the wealth spread in South east Asia and is the 4th richest nation per capita, after Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia. The Thai economy in 2008 is forecasted to grow at 5. 6% (in the forecasted range of 5. 0-6. 0%). This figure is an improvement on 4. 8% appendage in the previous division according to Fiscal Policy Office (FPO), Ministry of Finance.In 2008 accelerated public arena spending led to recovery in domestic demand which is expected to be far more balanced economic expansion. Government policy would then be forced to stimulate the domestic economy. This happens when external demand is liable(predicate) to be softened from possible global economic slowdown. External stability in 2008 provide remain beefed-up with current account surplu s estimated to be 0. 5% of gross domestic product (in the range of 0. 3-0. 8% of GDP). In contrast, internal stability in 2008 may have some risk with increasing headline inflation at 4. 5% (in a range of 4. 3-4. 8%).This is mainly due to rising energy and food prices in the world markets. According to The Economist, real GDP growth will slow down by 1. 15% p. a over the next 4 years (2008-12), as compared to 5. 3% p. a in past 3 years since 2007. This sluggishness of GDP can be attributed to various negative factors, such as political uncertainty, instability of foreign permute rates, and continuous high petroleum prices in 2006. The Thai insurance industry, along with the wider Thai economy, has now however recovered from the depths of the Asian financial crisis and is experiencing noteworthy growth.The disregard is expected to continue as public awareness of the need for insurance increases. grocery Performance and Forecast Within a span of 7 years (2000 2007), Thai policy sphere of influence has experienced a growth of 191% currently valuated at $9,434. 72 million. The Knowledge Centre predicts, the overall market size will increase by 72. 5% further and is expected to touch the highs of $13,012. 75 million by 2011. The life insurance market in Thailand between 2000 and 2007 change magnitude at a CAGR of 16. 57%. The Knowledge Centre envisages that this trend would continue and the market will see CAGR of 5. 5% in 5 years and chip in $8,306. 21 million in 2011. The non-life insurance market in Thailand between 2000 and 2007 increased at a CAGR of 10. 73%. The Knowledge Centre also forecasts that the growth will continue and the market will see CAGR of 8. 34% in the next 5 years with the premiums reaching $4,706 million by 2011. Competitive landscape Some of the top foreign insurance companies in Thailand are ACE, AIG, Allianz, AXA, Generali, ING, Millea Holdings, Manulife, New York Life and Prudential (UK).The market is dominated by AIA, the loca l anaesthetic name of AIG that accounted for approx. 29% of all of gross premiums in 2007. Thai Life (TLI) is considered to be the second largest player overall with a market share of approx. 14%. The next largest root is considered to be a joint venture between non-life insurer Ayudhya, local conglomerate Charoen Pokphand and Allianz (AACP) with a market share of approx. 14%. Other major players in this market are Ocean Life, Finansa, local associates of AXA (Krungthai) and ING.Non-life insurance sector in Thailand is further sub-categorized under Fire, Marine & Transportation, Hull, Cargo, Automobile, Compulsory, Voluntary, unhomogeneous, Industrial All Risks, Public Liability, Engineering damages, melody amends, ad hominem Accident, wellness insurance policy, Crop redress and Other restitution. Some of the top companies in this sector are Bangkok Insurance, Dhipaya Insurance, Phatra Insurance, New Hampshire Insurance, Ayudhya Insurance, Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance, MSIG In surance, Sri Muang Insurance, Siam Commercial Samaggi, South East Insurance, Viriyah Insurance, Synmunkong Insurance, Krungthai Panich etc.Driving factors Balanced economic expansion and supporting role of the government fresh reforms and governments regulatory initiatives Re-defined financial practices and strengthening of corporate governance tranquility of restrictions on directors and senior executives of insurance companies Amendment of clauses governing the evaluation of assets & debts of a life insurance company Merger or consolidation of the large number of local insurers Middle income industrial developing nation Growing interest in Bancassurance Adoption of THBFix and Bibor Establishment of Insurance commissionMajor trends, issues and opportunities Mergers and acquisitions in Thailands insurance industry are likely to drop off Thailands economy is slowing as the effects of high oil prices, rising interest rates and longrunning political uncertainty take their toll. semipolitical uncertainty and instability of foreign exchange rates Bullish trend in fixed deposit rates Government regulations laying a strong foundation for future growth Increase in foreign ownership limits Move towards a knowledge economy through skills development Issues in Health Insurance Systems evanesceics covered in the report Thai economy, its performance, future outlook for 2008-09 Governments economic policies, macroeconomic factors, trends and analysis Economic and Insurance purlieu in Thailand market place performance and forecast for Thai Insurance Sector between 2000, 2007 and 2011 Market performance and forecast for Thai Life Insurance Sector between 2000, 2007 & 2011 Market performance and forecast for Thai Non-Life Insurance Sector between 2000, 2007 & 2011 Recent reorganization of financial institutions and setting up of Insurance Commission Corporate Finance Legislation and other major regulatory developments Role of Bancassurance Specific re gulations and norms by the Thai Government for insurance sector. Sub-categorization of life and non-life insurance sector Competitive landscape & market share of companies in life and non-life insurance sector Company profiles of top players in life and non-life insurance sector contents 1. THAILAND 1. 1. THAI ECONOMY 1. 2. GOVERNMENT POLICIES 2. THAI INSURANCE SECTOR 2. 1. MARKET OVERVIEW 2. 2. MARKET PERFORMANCE & FORECAST 2. 2. 1. Thailand Insurance Market 2. 2. 1. 1. Thailand Life Insurance Market 2. 2. 1. 2. Thailand Non-Life Market 2. 3. DRIVING FACTORS 2. 3. 1.Recent Reforms 2. 3. 2. M&A or transfer of the business of an Insurance Company 2. 3. 3. Thai Corporate Finance Legislation 2. 3. 4. Role of Bancassurance 2. 3. 5. Recent Regulatory Developments 2. 3. 6. Insurance Commission replaced Department of Insurance 2. 4. TRENDS, ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES AN ANALYSIS 2. 4. 1. Insurance M&A likely to drop 2. 4. 2. Pending Legislations 2. 4. 3. Implications for Foreign Insur ers 2. 4. 4. Skills development stay a key 2. 4. 5. Issues in Health Insurance Systems in Thailand 2. 5. GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS 2. 6. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 2. 6. 1. Life Insurance 2. 6. 1. 1.Life Insurance Renewal Market 2. 6. 1. 2. individual(a) aid Market 2. 6. 2. Non-Life Insurance Market 2. 6. 2. 1. Fire Insurance Market 2. 6. 2. 2. Marine and Transportation Market 2. 6. 2. 3. Cargo & Hull Market 2. 6. 2. 4. Automobile Sector 2. 6. 2. 5. Miscellaneous Insurance 2. 6. 2. 6. Industrial All Risks Insurance 2. 6. 2. 7. Public Liability Insurance 2. 6. 2. 8. Engineering Insurance 2. 6. 2. 9. Aviation Insurance 2. 6. 2. 10. Health Insurance 2. 6. 2. 11. Personal Accident Insurance 2. 6. 2. 12. Other Insurance 2. 6. 3. Company Profiles 2. 6. 3. 1. American International Assurance company (AIA), Thailand 2. . 3. 2. ACE INA Overseas Insurance Company Limited 2. 6. 3. 3. Ayudhya Insurance Public Company Limited 2. 6. 3. 4. Ayudhya Allianz C. P. Life Public Company Limited 2. 6. 3. 5. B angkok Insurance Public Company Limited 2. 6. 3. 6. Bangkok Union Insurance 2. 6. 3. 7. Charan Insurance 2. 6. 3. 8. Deves Insurance 2. 6. 3. 9. ING Life Limited 2. 6. 3. 10. Indara Insurance 2. 6. 3. 11. Manulife Insurance (Thailand) Public Company Limited 2. 6. 3. 12. MSIG Insurance 2. 6. 3. 13. QBE Insurance (Thailand) Company Limited 2. 6. 3. 14. Sri Muang Insurance 2. 6. 3. 15. The Viriyah Insurance Co. , Ltd. List of flurrys parry 1 Macroeconomic apparent movements Population (mil. ) vs. Nominal GDP ($ bil. ) 2002-2011f Table 2 Macroeconomic Trends GDP per chief city ($ bil. ) vs. Real GDP increase (%) 2003-2011f Table 3 Growth Trends Inflation (2002-2008f) Table 4 Key Economic Indicators Forecast 2007-2012f Table 5 Growth Trend comparison GDP Growth vs. Insurance Growth (%) 2000-2011 Table 6 Thailand Insurance Market time value ($million) 2000-2007 Table 7 Thailand Insurance Market esteem Forecast ($million) 2007-2011f Table 8 Insurance Density indemnitys Per Cap ita in USD Table 9 Insurance indemnity in % of GDP (2001-2011f)Table 10 Growth Trend of Life Insurance and Non-Life Insurance ($Million) 2000-2011f Table 11 Thailand Life Insurance Market Value ($million) 2000-2007 Table 12 Thailand Life Insurance Market Value Forecast ($million) 2007-2011f Table 13 Thailand Non-Life Insurance Market Value ($million) 2000-2007 Table 14 Thailand Non-Life Insurance Market Value Forecast ($million) 2007-2011f Table 15 Thailand Insurance Sector Projections of Macroeconomic Drivers (2006-2010f) Table 16 Market dower of Top Players in Life Insurance Sector Comparison between 2006 & 2007 (Million Baht) and their Growth (%)Table 17 Life Insurance add Premium Growth family on Year by Company 2006-2007 (%) Table 18 Life Insurance Market Growth by commencement ceremony Year Premium of Top Companies Comparison between 2006 & 2007 (mn Baht) Table 19 Life Insurance Market Growth by First Year Premium of Top Companies Comparison between 2006 & 2007 (%) Table 20 Life Insurance Premium Renewal (million Baht) and Growth (%) Year on Year for Top Companies (2006-2007)Table 21 Life Insurance Renewal Market apportion of Top Companies in 2007 (mn Baht) Table 22 Life Insurance Single Premium Market plow of Top Companies in 2007 (mn Baht & % growth) Table 23 Loss Ratio of Non Life Insurance Business (2007) Table 24 Marine and Transportation Companies Markey circumstances by Direct Premium (Unit 1,000 Baht) Table 25 Automobile Insurance Top companies by Direct Premium (2007) Table 26 2007 Table 27 007 Table 28 2007 Table 29 2007 Table 30 Table 31 Table 32 Table 33 Top Miscellaneous Non-Life Insurance Companies Market share by Direct Premium (%) Top Industrial All Risk Non-Life Insurance Companies Market dower by Direct Premium Top Public Liability Non-Life Insurance Companies Market consider by Direct Premium Top Engineering Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) Top Top Top TopAviation Non-Life Insurance Compan ies Market Share by Direct Premium 2007 Health Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium 2007 Personal Accident Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium 2007 Other Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium 2007 List of charts map 1 Macroeconomic Trends Population (mil. ) vs. Nominal GDP ($ bil. ) 2002-2011f Chart 2 Macroeconomic Trends GDP per capital ($ bil. ) vs.Real GDP Growth (%) 2003-2011f Chart 3 Growth Trends Inflation (2002-2008f) Chart 4 Key Economic Indicators Forecast (2007-2012f) Chart 5 Growth Trend Comparison GDP Growth vs. Insurance Growth (%) 2000-2011f Chart 6 Thailand Insurance Market Value ($billion) 2000-2007 Chart 7 Thailand Insurance Market Value Forecast ($million) 2007-2011f Chart 8 Insurance Density Premiums Per Capita in USD Chart 9 Insurance Premium in % of GDP (2001-2011f) Chart 10 Thailand Insurance Market Segment Share 2007Chart 11 Growth Trend of Life Insurance and Non-Life Insurance ($Million) 2000-2011f C hart 12 Thailand Life Insurance Market Value ($million) 2000-2007 Chart 13 Thailand Life Insurance Market Value Forecast ($million) 2007-2011f Chart 14 Thailand Non-Life Insurance Market Value ($million) 2000-2007 Chart 15 Thailand Non-Life Insurance Market Value Forecast ($million) 2007-2011f Chart 16 Market Segmentation of Non-Life Insurance (%) 2007 Chart 17 Market Segmentation of Non-Life Companies by Ownership 2007 (%) Chart 18 Comparison of Direct Premiums of Non Life Insurance Business (2007 & 2006) Chart 19 Direct Premium per Insurance Policy for 2007-2006 (Baht) Chart 20 Comparison of Sum Insured Per Premium of Non Life Insurance Business Segments (2007 & 2006) Chart 21 Loss Ratio of Non Life Insurance Business (2007) Chart 22 Market Share of Top Life Insurance Companies by Total Premium in 2007 (%) Chart 23 Life Insurance First Year Premium Market Segment in 2007 by Top Companies(%) Chart 24 Life Insurance Premium Renewal (million Baht) and Growth (%) Year on Year for T op Companies (2006-2007)Chart 25 Life Insurance Renewal Market Share of Top Companies in 2007 (%) Chart 26 Single Insurance Premium Company Segmentation 2007 Chart 27 Fire Insurance Companies Market Share (%) 2007 Chart 28 Marine & Transport Insurance Segment Share (%) 2007 Chart 29 Cargo and Hull Market Direct Premium Share (%) in 2006-2007 Chart 30 Marine and Transportation Companies Markey Share by Direct Premium (Unit 1,000 Baht) Chart 31 Market Share of Automobile Insurance Sub Sector 2007 Chart 32 Automobile Insurance Top Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 33 Market Share of Miscellaneous Non-Life Sector (%) 2007 Chart 34 Top Miscellaneous Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 35 Top Industrial All Risk Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 36 Top Public Liability Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 37 Top Engineering Non-Life Insurance C ompanies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007Chart 38 Top Aviation Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 39 Top Health Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 40 Top Personal Accident Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Chart 41 Top Other Non-Life Insurance Companies Market Share by Direct Premium (%) 2007 Authors Jasvita Anand, Akash Rakyan & Nishith Srivastava Ordering Order 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Huckleberry Finn Essay

Theme, structure and social characteristics as the literary elements, highlighting the spiritual growth of the main characters in My divulge is Asher Lev, Emma and Huckleberry FinnThe depict paper is designed to discuss three novels about moral maturation and the growth of egotism-awareness, Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, whose adept is Huckleberry Finn, Jane Austens Emma, named after the protagonist and My Name is Asher Lev by Chaim Potok, whose main character is Asher Lev. Notably, the authors necessarily indicate the protagonists names in the titles, underlining their moral and psychological development as a central plotline.The literary elements of group, structure and protagonists social characteristics truly strengthen the refs understanding of the characters spiritual growth Levs novel demonstrates the protagonists liberation from the community bonds through the lens of the theme of social pressure, Twains writing the progress of Hucks humanistic views underlining th e theme of slavery, Austens work Emmas psychological maturation, through prioritizing the theme of marriage, moreover, all works by their structure provide the mistakes made by the protagonists on their caterpillar track and thus make clear to the reader that development is not a smooth and gradual process, whereas the careen or st world power of sociological characteristics pay readers attention either to the connection between self-awareness and social position or to the purely inner revolution.The characters actually perfect very distinct aspects of self awareness Emma, for instance, overgrows the selfish and infantile girl, whose main interest is manipulating the others fates (as she appears at the beginning), Asher Lev realizes that he is actually an independent personality rather than the subject of the Hassidic community after being judged for depicting the his mothers anguish, whereas Huckleberry Finn, who has never considered carefully the issue of racial equality, begin s to realize his humanistic views and oppose the oppression of slaves and the split of their families.Due to the event that the major theme in My Name is Asher Lev is community bonds and the contrast itself develops in terms of the weakening of the commitment to the groups of Hassids (Walden, 1985), the protagonist, who is a bright and un commonplace individuality, should ascend over the wile observance of community tradition and learn to distinguish himself from the group. Therefore, his development is associated with individuation and learning of his ego and the religious conflict results in the development of Ashers ability to assert his self So it is time for the defense, for a long session in demythology. But I will not apologize. It is absurd to apologize for a mystery(Potok, 1998, at http//search. barnesandnoble. com).The theme of marriage as the leading one in Emma is also related to the main characters development whereas at first, Emma views marriage as a game, popular in her environment, she is still not infantile to understand that this specific type of partnership is based necessarily on strong affection after developing the obtainings for her brother-in-law whereas at the beginning she has fear for the responsibility associated with marriage. The theme of slavery also supports the readers understanding of the new-fashioned protagonists moral growth in Huckleberry Finn Im low down and Im a-going to steal him (Twain, 1999, Ch. 33) as one stop understand, Huck no longer views Jim as property, but in order to persuade Tom, he recognizes his own inclination to wrongdoing and takes entire responsibility for the theft the slave.The structure of the stories is generally similar the greatest part of the plot is dedicated to depicting the behavioral imperfections of the protagonist, so that the reader can feel the protagonist is an ordinary person, whose growth is based upon his/her own mistakes. For instance, Emma at first depicts an arrogant and c lass-conscious girl saying The yeomanry are precisely the order of people with whom I feel I can have nothing to do (Austen, 2001, Vol. 1 Ch. 4) and throughout the first two parts she acts as a quarrelsome person, whereas her later think can be characterized as wiser I think Harriet is doing extremely well (Austen, 2001, Vol. 3, Ch. 28), i. e. she approves of her best friend marriage to the farmer, having got the idea of love and letting it in.Beyond mistakes, Potoks and Twains protagonists also encounter difficulties and adversities, which shape their outlooks for instance, Levs story can be divided into three parts (Walden, 1985) period of the teenage conflict with the environment, movement toward the goal in Kahns studio and the resolution of the conflict and individuation (Potok, 1972). Hucks moral development is less gradual and actually consists of several insights 1) first encounter with Jim as a fugitive slave and the initial desire to help him 2) The loss of the companion after meeting the aristocrats and Jims imprisonment in Phelpses house. Finally, social characteristics of the protagonists are quite expressive themselves and point actually to the qualities to be changed.For instance, Emma is introduced as a girl with a degree of swelled head and class-based prejudice because of her upper class identicalness, but later she begins to understand her friend Harriet in her love for Martin and thus grows more open-minded furthermore, her maturation is accompanied by the change of social characteristics, as Emma accepts Knightleys proposition Huck Finns social characteristics remain practically the same, as the author seeks to maintain the readers focus on the advancement of his moral qualities, so that the adolescent still remains to some extent uncommitted to social norms (Aunt Sally shes going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I cant stand it (Twain 1999, Ch. 43), in spite of having developed his distinct attitude towards slavery. Asher Lev, in turn, drastically changes his social identity the growth of his self-awareness and self-identity result in his alienation and separation from the community.To sum up, the readers understanding of the protagonists path toward self-awareness is to great extent manipulated by the authors Jane Austen, Chaim Potok and Mark Twain design the plot structure, which underlines the failures and subsequent insights of the protagonist, embed the central theme into the main characters spiritual growth and substantially change the protagonists social features, except Hucks case, in which the focus on morality shift is broadened through remaining social characteristics stable. reservoir list Austen, J. (2001). Emma. At http//ebooks. adelaide. edu. au/a/austen/jane/a93e/. Twain, M. (1999). Huckleberry Finn. At Potok, C. (1972). My Name is Asher Lev. Alfred A. Knopf. Potok, C. (1998). My Name is Asher Lev. At http//search. barnesandnoble. com/booksearch/isbninquiry. asp? ean=9781400031047&displayonly=EXC& z=yEXC http//etext. virginia. edu/toc/modeng/public/Twa2Huc. html Walden, D. (1985). The World of Chaim Potok. secern University of New York Press, 1985.

Computer systems assignment Essay

To build a PC you must buy all of the required contri b atomic number 18lyions former(a)wise the computer go away non work justly or not work at all. Here is a list of all required computer components to make it work M unlikeboard- motherboard is a of import component in a computer. It is a printed circuit board and it connects the mainframe, RAM, and the broadsheets which go sound and graphics so they fag endister communicate between all(prenominal) other to make a working computer trunk. There be many types of motherboards, those ones made to a greater extent recently than others ar ATX motherboards. An ATX motherboards contain the normal I/O (input-output) connectors such as USB, serial ports, PS/2.without mother board there is no way the components will work in concert.Case- basically a case holds together all of the components so they dont fall apart. The type of case depends on what motherboard is manipulationd for the computer. Nowadays it is ATX so the cases fo r these motherboards are ATX cases. CPU- Central Processing building block is so called a brain of a computer. The CPU performs appendagees and runs programs on your computer. It is needed for any action that is done on a computer. The accelerated the CPU the faster it will do what is required. A processor is made up of cores. The more cores it has the better it is.Nowadays most CPUs have 2 cores and some even 4. That gives a lot of power and belt along when executing instructions. RAM- Random Access Memory is utilize to temporarily store entropy which will be lost when a computer is switched off. Ram stores some of operate strategy data and application data while it is being ran. RAM is essential in computer performance. The more memory there is the more applications pot be ran on the computer at the very(prenominal) metre. There are many forms of Memory. Nowadays most computers use DDR2 or DDR3 Graphics Card- Graphics Card is needed to display an images on a monitor.The re are AGP, PCI, PCI-E graphics. It just depends on what slot on a motherboard the card will be connected to. New graphics cards are usually made with 512MB or 1024MB of video memory which can generate graphics for all of new games. Sound Card- sound card basically generates sound for what is ran on a computer, whether it is games, music or films. The leading sound card producer is Creative. Modem- modem is required in a computer if you want to connect to internet. It converts the digital binary signals to analogue signals so it can be transferred in a network.There are internal modems which are connected to motherboard inside the case and others are external which connect temporarily to USB ports. FDD- Floppy Disk Drive run downs lax disks. Those are little diskettes which hold up to 1. 44 MB. The FDDs are not installe in new computer systems as they are replaced with more spacious USB disks. HDD- disenfranchised disk drive is a storage device. It stores the operating systems an d all sorts of Data such as music, word files, films pretty much anything. It does not lose the data as a computer switches off like RAM. It stores the data and lets people access it.The capacity of hard drives is counted in Gigabytes and terabytes. The computer components have to communicate with each other in order to make an output. Motherboard allows them to communicate via BUSes which. They are little cables or printed Circuits which computer components share In order to exchange communication. There are several(a) amounts of data that can be carried by a bus at once. They usually range from 16 to 64 bits and this is called a width of the bus. This is speed of data exchange. Also the speed of data exchange is defined by frequency of a bus.It states how many bits are sent in particular clock time which is usually per second. For example a CPU working with applications sends binary data, information about a picture and graphics card fools the information and puts pixels in the same way as requested and indeed sends it to the monitor through a cable to display it on the screen. Another example could be a CPU receiving information from RAM, processing it and sending it further to some other component. Installing and configuring a printer (not plug and play) Ive been asked to present a process of episode of a printer.With CD It is simple to do, just put the CD provided with the device into the CD Drive and go to My Computer.. After that get across on the CD Drive fix to explore the CD content. When explored clack on the setup icon and the setup will start automatically. In the setup window click near. When done undermentioned window will come up asking to agree with the license terms. Click yes to proceed to the next stage. In the next window choose how your printer will be connected to the computer and press next. It could be either Via USB, cable or a network. When chosen press next to start the installation.When the installation process reaches 100% press finish to finalize the process And now a printer driver is installed and the printer is ready to use. I was asked to perform another installation of a device driver which in change shape will be a DVD- source. I was provided a CD with a driver that enables the DVD- Writer to function on a system. First put the CD in the CD drive tray. When done click on my computer Icon to presentation the icon of the CD put in. Double click on the CD icon with the driver software to explore the content of the disc. When done double click on a Setup icon to start the installation.A window will come up letting you choose the directory of the installation. When chosen click next to proceed to another stage. In the next windows it will ask to agree to license terms. Click agree to the license terms and next button. The installation will start shortly. It will take quite a while to install it and when it gets to 100% press finish button to finalize the installation which will start up the computer to apply the changes to the system. After that the DVD-Writer will start functioning properly. Undertaking a final cleanup of the equipment While cleaning up the equipment health and safety device standards must be met.Before taking the computer system apart I put on an anti-static wristband and put the whole computer on the anti-static mat which will prevent any flow of electricity that could damage the system and occupy health issues. I make sure that the computer is not plugged in to the electricity. When I am ready I take a screwdriver and open the computer case. I Put it aside and carefully loose the metal bit in the middle from the computer which prevents me from manoeuvring when cleaning up. I put it aside and look what needs to be cleaned up. First I take a look at the motherboard and ribbon cables.I take a mini vacuum cleaner with brush designed for computers and carefully hoover the frigid motherboard and cables. When done I do the same with the components and I make sure that there are no liquids inside the computer and that there are no pieces of metal or plastic objects other than the components which could damage it. Then I look at the components if they are connected to the motherboard and the power supply properly and cables abandoned in right places. When the cleaning is done I screw the metal bit on to the computer and the case making sure the screws are severely inside.Ive done all the activities with special care for my own safety as well as making sure not to damage the computer. I also have to look if any components are damaged or looking dodgy replacing them if true. The outside of the case should be cleaned as well, because if spatter starts to build up it can access the inside and damage the components. Take a moist cloth and wipe the surface of the case carefully bowl its clean. Be careful as some cases have few fans, do not wipe the area close to the fans as the dust could tardily get wiped inside by accident Select ing upgrades for a computer system.There are many components for computer out there. Choosing the scoop out ones will have a major influence on computers performance. First important upgrade could be a faster processor which is responsible for the processes running play on the computer, how fast they work and how many of them can be ran at the same time. The faster the computer the faster the processes and the operating system as a whole. much RAM memory is a hefty choice as well when upgrading a computer. It is needed to run the applications and games. Similar to the processor the performance of the programs partially depends on RAM memory and how fast it runs.Graphics card is a very important upgrade as well. The quality of the images displayed on a screen depends on graphics card. The better the graphics card the prettier and smoother the image displayed. It is very important when playing games as its allows to play new games showing the best quality textures and images. A So undcard is an important upgrade as well. Soundcard is responsible for generating the sound. The better it is the better and deeper quality of sound. It is important when playing games, music or in a studio producing music.A bigger Hard Drive is needed to store more data on a computer as well as the bigger the hard drive the faster data transfer. DVD Writer is essential if burning data to DVDs which can be used on other computers. These DVDs can contain any type of data and are quite spacious. After all the main upgrade is a motherboard which must be of good quality to connect every component for a great performance outcome. Task 2 Purpose features and functions of two operating systems Windows XP- Its an operating system which was created by Microsoft in 2001 and was a great success.This operating system is made for ordinary people performing basic tasks but is capable of much more. Windows XP can run and is compatible with a lot of applications which makes it useful in everyday lif e. The main purpose of it is multimedia for people who like to enjoy themselves. It offers various applications which are already built in such as Windows Media Player which is able to play music, movies and has a lot of options of multimedia such as library, playlists or something different like basic notepad, paint which allows drawing images and saving them to share.There are also office programs in offer which allow companies to carry out their tasks regarding finance and maintenance of various departments. Windows XP was a best selling OS thanks to its stability and functionality. It is a successor to both Windows ME and Windows 2000 and it has two versions which include Windows XP home mutant for home multimedia users and Windows XP professional for more advanced users with office needs. Both of them though are able to run games as well as various applications which provide fun. Windows eXPerience, because that is its full name makes work a lot easier and provides fun.The in terface is easy to use and it looks nice and is intuitional and that made it a best selling Microsoft OS. It contains a lot of functions such as drag and drop like any other OS, a Taskbar at the bottom of the background signal which shows which programs are currently running on the system. The user is also able to browse internet and stream media thanks to a built in internet browser called Internet explorer which is an ambitious name. So far Windows XP was the best system that came out rated by many customers, but that could change with release of Windows 7.Screenshot of a desktop on Windows XP professional- Linux Linux operating system was designed as open source barren software. Its functionality ranges from servers, power-computers to mobile phones and laptops. It is easy to use and its design allows customers to use it in various purposes. It is widely used as an OS for servers and programmers because it contains an interface allowing users to perform High-tech tasks thanks to its stability. The software that comes built in the OS is a drop out internet browser Mozilla Firefox or OpenOffice. Org which is almost the same as Microsoft Office application pack.Linux has a variety of appearance options which make it neat and good looking. There is a lot of free software compatible with linux which is related to IT field as well as a messenger and email client which makes it very useful to different groups of users but particularly IT people. The variety and accessibility to them is very good which makes linux a popular OS and it is free as well and let to distribute by people. The desktop is pretty much a window desktop and is also very intuitional. Linux OS supports dozens of programming languages which allows writing and coding in many ways. Its secure, stable.Few of purposes are support of real time applications and fun features such as producing music, photo montage and movie making applications. This operating system was created with survey of peopl e in IT and media creating industry and it does its job very well. Screenshot of desktop on Linux Ubuntu distribution- Compare Windows comparing to Linux is more of a multimedia system. Linux was designed for programming and creating auditory sensation or movies. It is more stable than XP and also more secure. Linux has compatibility issues with some programs as it isnt as popular as XP but they are replaced by free applications made for linux.There are also more device drivers for XP as companies create XP-specific drivers skipping linux. Linux is much lighter than XP and can be installed onto a system on the same partition as an additional application. XP doesnt come with a lot of useful applications and utilities and they have to be purchased externally which increases the frequency of ads. Linux in turn has a range of applications already installed by default and if not then it is easy to download them for free from reliable and safe websites. Linux can run on slow-moving and weaker computers as well as more advanced hi-spec machines.It is already small enough unlike XP so it can be installed on tabloid PCs and it will perform nicely. Linux OS is also better at multi-tasking on any machine, its faster and smoother however some applications work slower than XP. If working on XP there are always more security risks than linux as there are less viruses created to infect linux than XP. Using utilities There are number of utilities that support and maintain the performance and security of computer systems. I will undertake few activities using the utilities. First one and one of the main ones are installing an antivirus to prevent infectionsTo do that I put in the CD provided with antivirus. And go to my computer to see the if the disc is read by the CD-drive. If it is read by the computer I Click on the icon of CD-drive to explore the content of the CD. After that I look for an icon Setup and double click on it to start the installation process. In the main setup window I can see that it is an antivirus installation and it tells me to click Next to start the installation. In the next window it allows me to choose the installation type whether it is local installation or central installation.Central installation allows me to install the antivirus onto the file server and then onto particular computer systems. I choose the local installation to install it on my computer and click next. In the next window I can choose the options antivirus can perform from the beginning. I choose the intercheck client so it provides security for my computer particularly, I click next. And now finally the installation process starts. It takes quite a while to install it. When it gets to the end another window comes up asking if I want to Run the antivirus now or I just want to finish. The installation is completed.Effects of the activities These activities are done to maintain the performance and security of computer systems. Antivirus installed on a comp uter prevents viruses from infecting the computer as well as any other harmful software. That is a key to a fast working computer and secure. Harmful software like viruses can bring a lot of damage to the operating system causing instability and potential loss of important files. A full system tire is needed after every week of work as many files and webpages were brought on to the system and It needs checking for any harmful units to maintain the security and confine the system fast.Installation of Service Pack 2 patch is needed for new definitions of internet threats as well as performance of the OS. It brings a firewall to the system which protects the computer from harmful software coming in from the internetwork. New performance solutions makes the system faster, more stable and more reliable. Defragmenting hard drives is one of the ways to bring back data integrity lost when doing certain tasks or simply using the system. The files on hard drive get messesd up after time fro m various causes and need to be put in order to maintain the disk space.

Filipinos and the Reproductive Health Bill Essay

The productive wellness note more than comm except known as the RH Bill is one of the most controversial bills that are being discussed today. It was wholly upstartly, however, that much attention had been directed towards it.The slaying of laws provisioning almost the same circumscribe as the RH Bill today dates back in the late 1960s during the reign of former President Ferdinand Marcos. At that time, Family readiness was adopted by the administration purely for the purpose of population reduction towards the alleviation of poverty, as is the governings commitment to population control give tongue tod in The 1973 Constitution, It shall be the responsibility of the introduce to achieve and maintain population levels conducive to the national welfare (Likhaan and ARROW 17). Unfortunately, when the Marcos administration was replaced by the Aquino administration, the ground for the government Family Planning broadcast became shaky. It was attempted to be abolished twice unless was saved through its transfer from the Department of Social Welfare to the Department of wellness in 1988 due to twain local and international pressures (17).During the Ramos administration, the Philippine approach towards population control shifted from the previous population control framework to the fruitful wellness approach (Likhaan and ARROW 17). This was a result of the Philippine participation to the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo, Egypt (17). It was to a fault under this political science that Secretary of Health, Dr. Juan Flavier funded the purchase of contraceptives and launched an anti-AIDS squeeze heavily featuring condoms despite fervent opposition from the rulers of the Catholic Church (17). A legacy that perhaps he passed on to his achieveror Dr. Carmencita Reodica who was the brain behind the implementation of an Integrated procreative Health Program within the DOH (17).As an otherwise change in administrat ion took place however, the reproductive wellness programs stated above were abolished and while the new regime have tried to present newer programs for the improvement of Philippine reproductive health, none were implemented due to the ousting of Estrada which thence brought us the Macapagal-Arroyo administration (Likhaan and ARROW 17-18). It is said that it was in this administration that government reproductive health programs previously implemented by former administrations regressed (18). Two larger-than-life events happened during this time. get-go was the banning of the emergency contraceptive pill called Postinor which raised a torrent of rallies and protests from health and womens NGOs and the second was Arroyos announcement that she would veto the proposed generative Health Bill at that time even if it were passed because she believes that it is a pro-abortion bill(18).The struggle for the passage of the RH Bill, however, did non stop there. As the current regime led b y Pres. Benigno Aquino, Jr. took over, the fire brought by this controversial debate has been lit once more. The bill has undergone a few revisions and the anti-RH and pro-RH factions have continued their unvarying debate. The anti-RH faction, back up by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), other so-called Pro-Life Organizations, and some famous personalities like Manny Pacquiao, argue that the bill is anti-Life, anti-Poor, unconstitutional and anti-God. The pro-RH faction supported by Health and Women NGOs, International Organizations, and overly various personalities like Lea Salonga and Sen. Mirriam Santiago on the other hand, believes that the RH Bill is pro-Life, pro-Poor, pro-Choice, constitutional and NOT anti-God.On my part, I stand by the pro-RH faction. The Reproductive Health Bill is an important step towards the improvement of the grapheme of life of every Filipino, and I believe that it is the governments responsibility to allow its people to take this crucial step forward. In what follows, I will explain why I think that the Reproductive Health Bill should be passed. Women EmpowermentMany Filipinos are unaware of the real purpose behind the Reproductive Health Bill, or to be more exact, The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population and Development Act of 2011. Most usually, debates between the anti-RH faction and the pro-RH faction end up with the topic of overpopulation and whether decreasing the population ontogeny rate would solve most of the problems plaguing the Filipino nation. I myself had been misled by these recurrent arguments and thought that perhaps the point behind this bill was to decrease the rate by which our population grows. Further examination of the bill however proved me wrong. The purpose of the legislators in presenting this bill was non to decrease the population growth rate of Filipinos kinda it is to empower them most especially its most vulnerable sector, the Filipino wom en.Reproductive Health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the expertness to reproduce and the emancipation to decide if, when and how often to do so. Also, they added, it implies the presence of the right of access to appropriate health care services that will allow women to go through pregnancy and childbirth safely (WHO).Unfortunately for the Philippines, the lack of a comprehensive reproductive health law has drawn its toll on women producing a high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 162 per 100,000 live births (Pernia, et.al.). This means that nearly 11 women die every day during childbirth (NSO, 2006). Another effect of the absence of a comprehensive law that offers effective reproductive health care services is an Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 25 per 1000 infants (Dizon). In other words, there is a total of 62, 000 infant finishs every year, or 169 deaths every day (Dizon). Aside from those, there is an estimated 473,400 women who have abortion every year, 90% of them through by married women, producing a rate of 27 abortions out of 1000 women aged 15-44 years old (Pangalangan, Juarez, et.al). Also, 78,900 women among those who had abortion are hospitalized due to post-abortion complications (Juarez, et.al). What is sad about this is that all this deaths and complications could have been prevented and attended to if women were generated with proper and enough family planning and health care services.The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2011 aims to harbor women from the aforementioned complications of having no quick available reproductive health and family planning services (HB 4244). In Section 5 of menage Bill 4244, entitled Midwives for happy Attendance, the bill ensures the availability of full time, skilled and properly trained birth attendants for women at a ratio of one (1) birth attendant per a ampere-second and fifty (150) deliveries per year (HB 4244). Also in Section 6 of the same bill, each province and city, assisted by the DOH, would establish or upgrade hospitals with sufficient and qualified personnel, facilities and supplies that would change them to provide efficient and effective emergency obstetric care (HB 4244). Aside from that, private and non-government reproductive health care service providers including only when not limited to gynecologists and obstetricians are mandated in House Bill 4244s Section 22 to provide at least 48 hours annually of reproductive health care services which involves data and education, and rendering medical services free of charge to indigent and low income patients, especially to pregnant adolescents (HB 4244).However, these are not the only provisions that the Reproductive Health Bill offers women and their children. In Section 8 of Ho use Bill 4244, the government ensures that a Minimum Initial usefulness Package (MISP) for reproductive health includes maternal and neonatal health care kits and services defined by the DOH would be ensured for women in crisis situations such as disasters (e.g. earthquakes, flood) and humanitarian crises (e.g. famines, epidemics). The MISP will become a part of the initial response of government units and national agencies at the onset of crises and emergencies (HB 4244).Also, in House Bill 4244s Section 14 maximum benefits as provided by PhilHealth programs would be given to serious and life threatening reproductive health conditions such as AIDS, embrace and reproductive tract cancers, obstetric complications and other similar conditions. Aside from maternal health care services, the bill also promises to provide a full cheat of modern family planning methods to be available in all accredited health facilities which, for unworthy patients, shall be fully covered by PhilHeal th Insurance and the government on a no balance billing (Section 7, HB 4244). These provisions of the bill are important in protecting women from the risks brought by pregnancy and from the difficulties caused by unplanned pregnancies.According to a research report published jointly by the Guttmacher Institute and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) Better timing and set of births can reduce complications related to pregnancy and delivery, and improve the health of women and their infants (Singh S, et.al).Also, according to this same research, if contraceptive needs for women are met sufficiently, the number of induced abortions would decline by 70% in the developing world (Singh S, et.al). Providing women with these reproductive health services also move in accordance to the Magna Carta for Women. In Section 13 of House Bill No. 4273, the law insures women the access to information and services related to their health. This includes maternal care which involv es pre-natal and post-natal services that would address a muliebritys pregnancy, and the health and nutrition of both the mother and the infant, and legal, ethical, medically safe and effective family planning methods (HB 4273).Despite the many advantages that the Reproductive Health Bill offers to women however, there are cool it those who desire to hinder the passage of this bill. One of these detractors is the CBCP who pleads that the bill is anti-life and unconstitutional. What saddened me however is that in one of their statements, they have summed up choosing to defend the RH Bill as choosing death (Odchimar). I quote We are at a crossroads as a nation. Before us are several versions of a proposed bill, the Reproductive Health bill or sanitized as a Responsible Parenthood bill. This proposed bill in all its versions calls us to make a moral pickaxe to choose life or to choose death (Odchimar).Reading this statement caused a moment of irritation which swiftly turned to sadn ess as I realized how mis informed my fellow Filipinos were. The Reproductive Health Bill is not anti-life it is, through thorough examination, explicitly pro-Life (Pangalangan, Pernia et.al).The Reproductive Health Bill will not only protect a womans right to make a choice but also protect her life and the life of her child. Providing quality health care services to women will alleviate fight the complications of pregnancy and even help avoid induced abortions (Pernia, et.al, Pangalangan, Lagman). Choosing the Reproductive Health Bill would never be equal to choosing death.In this same statement by the CBCP, they also shared one of the reasons why they specifically object to the RH Bill Advocates also assert that the RH Bill empowers women with ownership of their own bodies. This is in line with the post-modern spirit declaring that women have power over their own bodies without the dictation of any religion. How false this so-called new truth is (Odchimar)That women own their bo dies is subject to each and their own beliefs. I myself, even as a woman, do not believe that I own this body with which I move and act. I acknowledge that this body of mine was something given to me by the Lord and therefore his, yet it must also be acknowledged that not all Filipinos share this same belief. First of all, not all Filipinos are Catholics and it is wrong to deprive them of the support they ask of the state simply because the religious leaders of the most prevalent religion disagree with it (Pangalangan, Pernia, et.al). Second, 90% among the 97% who claim that they want the RH Bill to be passed are Catholics which shows how pressing this matter is (Pangalangan).Whether or not our bodies were our own or just borrowed from the Lord, the fact that it needs protection, support and sufficient health services could not be denied. About 60% of Filipinos are dependent on the government for the provision of family planning services and it is the governments responsibility to m ake it continuously and quick available for them (Pangalangan).The Reproductive Health Bill will provide women with sufficient, efficient and effective family planning and reproductive health care services. This will not only benefit women but their children as well. It would protect them in many ways and help preserve lives that need not be lost. Family Planning MethodsFamily Planning allows individuals and couples to reside and achieve their preferred number of children and the spacing and timing of their births (WHO). There are many mediums of contraceptives that have been invented and developed through time. Mostly, they are divided into two categories ingrained Family Planning (NFO) methods and kitschy Family Planning (AFP) methods. pictorial Family Planning Methods mainly involves determining when a woman is fertile or not and having intercourse during days when binding would not pass along (IRH). The effectiveness of this method is dependent on many factors however, th ese include faithful participation between sexual partners, accuracy in predicting the womans fertile days and ability to perfectly follow the methods they choose (IRH). Aside from that, there are women, in fact a lot of them, for whom Natural Family Planning methods may not work, considering this, the achievement rate of NFP methods are comparatively lower than Artificial Family Planning methods (IRH). Artificial Family Planning Methods are methods that employ impertinent factors.This involves pills, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, implants, Intrauterine devices (IUDs), male and female sterilization, condoms, etc (WHO/RHR). A variation of these methods may work depending on the situation of the women or men involved, however, most of the time the success rates of these methods are fairly higher than NFP methods (WHO/RHR). In the Reproductive Health Bill, a full range of Family Planning (FP) methods would be made available in all accredited health facilities (Section 7, HB 4 244). Also, they would be labeled as native medicines, which means that they would be part of the National Drug Formulary and would be included in the regular purchase of essential supplies of all public hospitals and health units (Section 10, HB 4244). This would help many Filipino families, especially the poor, in achieving only the size of the family they desire (Pernia, et.al). In recent statistics, evidences that the poor prefer humiliateder families but are incapable of achieving this because of lack of accessibility of Family Planning Methods have been anchor (Pernia, et.al).Recently, a survey by the Social Weather Station showed that 97% of Filipinos want to be able to control their fertility and plan their families (Pangalangan). Allowing access to readily available Family Planning Methods would be an efficient response to this call. Aside from that there is ripe(p) reason for promoting both Natural and Artificial Family Planning methods. In a discussion paper released by the UP work of Economics, they said that ensuring access to the full range of modern (artificial) FP methods cum appropriate information raises the success rate of achieving the desired family size.Limiting FP options to natural family planning (NFP) methods only fails to address the private and social costs of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies (Pernia, et.al). Providing both Artificial and Natural Family Planning methods would allow for greater success rate in achieving the desired family size of Filipinos. However, this is not the only good effect of Family Planning methods. Some Family Planning methods, when aright used, may help prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (WHO). Use of Family Planning methods also reduces occurrences of induced abortions (WHO).This provisioning of FP methods also supports the recognition of the family as an autonomous institution that has the right to found a family in accordance to their desired number and spa cing of children (WHO, 1987 Constitution). Despite the advantages of offering both Natural and Artificial methods of Family Planning however, there are those who say that only Natural Family Planning methods should be supported by the bill. This is because, for these anti-RH groups, Artificial Family Planning methods are abortifacients and are unsafe. First of all, there is a big difference between a contraceptive and an abortifacient. To put it in simple terms, a contraceptive is something used to prevent fertilisation between a sperm and an egg while an abortifacient is something used to kill an already fertilized egg. Despite my belief that there is no need to fine-tune further, I still shall reiterate it Contraceptive methods are not abortifacients. Second, the provision of family planning methods requires counseling with a family planning provider (Magallon).These family planning provider/counselors forge to advise a couple of the most appropriate method for their situation and also to screen those who wish to avail of these methods (Magallon). One of the things they require of the couple is information on whether the woman is pregnant or not, or if sexual intercourse happened between them inside a certain period of time (Magallon). If it so happens that sexual intercourse occurred and/or the woman were pregnant, the family planning counselor would either ask them to wait and confirm first if the woman is pregnant or not provide a method of family planning to the woman (Magallon).This they do to avoid any bad effects that a contraceptive might have on an already existing child (Magallon). Another claim against artificial contraceptives, especially of oral contraceptive pills, is that they have been found to be carcinogenic agents in a recent research conducted by the Womens Health Initiatives and was classified so by the International Agency for look on Cancer (Position Paper on the RH bill). In all fairness, further research on my side lead me to the conclusion that this information is true. However, while it is true that OCPs are aggroup 1 carcinogens, it is also true that use of OCPs prevent endometrial and ovarian cancers (Associated Press). Aside from that, I think it is worthy to point out that the dosages used in the studies from which the conclusion was made were, to quote Dr. Steven Goldstein, professor of the bran-new York University Medical Center, 2 to 4 times higher than the dosages Im using today in most women referring to the pills she provides her clients with (Associated Press).Also, according to director of analytic epidemiology of the American Cancer Society Eugene Calle, the evidence of increase in breast cancer risk is very small and transient, which means that it disappears as soon as the intake of the pills is stopped (Associated Press). Providing Filipinos with both Artificial and Natural Family Planning Methods may have a few disadvantages but I believe that the advantages of these actions outgo all the cons. If the Reproductive Health Bill is passed, considering its main thrust is promoting full information and providing access to and choice amongst the full choice of family planning methods whether natural or artificial more unintended pregnancies would be prevented thus reducing the current MMR of the Philippines and saving the lives of not only women but children as well (Pernia et al.) Effects of the Reproductive Health BillA lot of effects other than those mentioned before may come from the passage of the Reproductive Health Bill. One of these miscellaneous effects is that it would help reduce the population growth rate which would then produce a sort of chain reaction that would help alleviate poverty especially in the poorest areas here in the country (Alonzo, et.al, Pernia, et.al). This happens because parents who are able to space their children and acquire their desired family size are more capable to bear the cost of raising and educating their children (Pernia, et.al). Once educated, these children would then be able to help raise their families above poverty through work and short letter (Pernia, et.al).Another effect of the Reproductive Health Bill is it encourages women to exercise their right to choose and their free will (Lagman). Women would be given the chance to make informed choices on matters that affect them the most (Lagman).The promotion of an age-appropriate sex-education program would also help teenagers determine how to act in the face of sexual confusion (Lagman). It will fire correct sexual values and instill both consciousness of the freedom of choice and responsibilities of exercising ones rights (Lagman). Knowledge on these matters is important because health risks associated with mistimed and unplanned pregnancies are higher for women who become pregnant while still in their adolescent ages (Pernia, et.al).Against all these good effects however, there are those who claim that if the RH Bill would be passed then a so -called demographic winter inverse triangle population, with the old above and the young below would occur in the Philippines (Position paper on the RH bill). This, according to some UP Professors of Economics has been greatly exaggerated and could only be considered as a scare tactic that intends to instill fear in peoples minds and which was probably spread by people who do not get a line population dynamics or worse, who intend to mislead (Alonzo et al., also cited in Lagman). ConclusionThe RH Bill empowers women. It reinforces the peoples freedom to choose and freedom to be informed. It protects not only the sanctity of life but the quality of life that a child will have once he is born. It is pro-life, pro-women and pro-choice.The Reproductive Health bill also aims to protect women from the many complications of pregnancy and childbirth. It also aims to provide better care for every child born. Aside from that, the RH Bill will enable Filipinos to protect themselves better f orm sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS.Both Artificial and Natural Family Planning Methods are essential for the implementation of a comprehensive reproductive health law. These methods are scientifically proven safe and though some might have adverse effects, the advantages of these methods outweigh the risks they may present.The Reproductive Health Bill is a bill that allows spouses to plan their families and gain only the children they can provide for. It will help many poor families in investing more for their children and can alleviate poverty even if it cannot make it disappear altogether. The Reproductive Health Bill will also enable the youth to understand their rights and their responsibilities and promote proper sexual values.Understanding all this, I call for the immediate passage of the Reproductive Health Bill for the good of the Filipino nation.Works Cited1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. The LAWPHiL Project. Arellano Law Foundation, n.d. We b. 5 September 2011. Alonzo Ruperto P., Arsenio M. Balisacan, Dante B. Canlas, Joseph J. Capuno, Ramon L. Clarete, Rolando A. Danao, Emmanuel S. de Dios, Benjamin E. Diokno, Emmanuel F. Esguerra, Raul V. Fabella, Ma. Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, Aleli P. Kraft, Felipe M. Medalla, Nimfa F. Mendoza, Solita C. Monsod, Cayetano W. Paderanga, Jr., Ernesto M. Pernia, Stella A. Quimbo, Gerardo P. Sicat, Orville C. Solon, Edita A. Tan, Gwendolyn R. Tecson. Population and Poverty The Real Score* (DP 2004-15). Discussion Paper. UP educate of Economics December 2004. Web. 5 September 2011. PDF. AssociatedPress. Hormone pills added to list of carcinogens. msnbc.com. 29 July 2005. Web. 5 September 2011. Contraception. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2008. The Gale Group Inc. Web. 5 September 2011. Lagman, Edcel. Reproductive health bill Facts, fallacies. INQUIRER.net. 3 August 2008. Web. 5 September 2011. Retrieved from Likhaan and ARROW. State of Filipino Womens Reproductive Rights 10 Years P ost Cairo Shadow Report. Research in Brief. 2004. Print. Pernia, Ernesto M. Stella Alabastro-Quimbo, Maria Joy V. Abrenica, Ruperto P. Alonzo, Agustin L. Arcenas, Arsenio M. Balisacan, Dante B. Canlas, Joseph J. Capuno, Ramon L. Clarete, Rolando A. Danao, Emmanuel S. de Dios, Aleli dela Paz-Kraft, Benjamin E. Diokno, Emmanuel F. Esguerra, Raul V. Fabella, Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, Teresa J. Ho, Felipe M. Medalla, Maria Nimfa F. Mendoza, Solita C. Monsod, Toby Melissa C. Monsod, Fidelina Natividad-Carlos, Cayetano W. Paderanga, Gerardo P. Sicat, Orville C. Solon, Edita A. Tan, and Gwendolyn R. Tecson. Population, Poverty, Politics and the Reproductive Health Bill (DP 2011-01). Discussion Paper. UP School of Economics February 2011. Web. 5 September 2011. PDF. Retrieved from Philippines. Cong. House. The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2011. 15th Cong., 1st sess. HB 4244. PDF. Position Paper on RH bill by Individual Faculty, Stu dents and Alumni of the University of the Philippines. iPetition.com. n.d. Web. 5 September 2011. Retrieved from Singh S et al., Adding It Up The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health, New York Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund, 2009. (Suggested citation) WHO. Reproductive Health. World Health Organization. n.d. Web. 18 October 2011. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/topics/reproductive_health/en/ WHO. Family Planning. World Health Organization. n.d. Web. 18 October 2011. Retrieved from WHO.

Life Goals Essay

Thomas Carlyle once said, Go as far as you can see, and when you get there you will see farther. I powerfully believe that if one schemes on achieving his aspirations, setting goals is a very principal(prenominal) step. Having goals not only gives you a clear focus on matters,but it also helps you to excogitate your plans by allowing you to give yourself time limits and boundaries. That is why I try to set goals for myself routinely, whether it is just for one day, or for the rest of my life. One goal that I perish hard at daily is to do well in high school.I try to involve myself in any activity that I can, both academically and socially, so that I can graduate with honors. The reason I do this is because I plan on going to college, and I would worry to be capable to get accepted into any school that I apply to. Going to college alone would be a major achievement for my family and I, because I will be the premiere person in my family to attend college. Another goal I have is to get a college degree in Criminal Justice. I plan to take my four years of college and get into the police enforcement.I plan to get good grades throughout my college career. I think Im going to stay in the Portland nation when Im applying for a job as a police officeholder. I plan to achieve this by not giving up. The first thing my mom tells me is to set my mind to something, never give up and it may take time but you will get there. My goals are very important to transcend because without them, my life goals will not come true. Immediately after I graduate, I want to start my career as police officer/investigator.You must have an accredited four-year college or university degree to get into FBI. By age 25, after gaining some experience as a policeman, I would like to contact a career switch to become an FBI agent. This is because being an FBI agent has been a dream of mine since I was younger. And to be good at what I do, I need some familiarity in that line of work, among other things. After becoming settled into my second career, I would like to begin a family. By this time, I plan on already being married to my current girlfriend, and have my first child.I will also be ready to buy my first car, and then, my first home. My intentions are to live in Oregon. Before I turn fifty, one of my major goals is to start a private investigator business. My children will be put through college and out of my house, and my wife and I will be on our way to retirement, after we sell our business. By then, I plan on being very stable, if not rich. Either way, I will be able to donate money and give back to my community what they have precondition to me.I also plan on adopting or fostering children after my own kids move out. I see my goals as tangible, and they are well within my reach if I stretch my arms to touch them. I work hard for these things not only to make a good life for myself, but to make a wonderful life for my future children. Setting goals for mys elf prevents me from becoming sidetracked, and it allows me to push harder and further for my aspirations. If I maintain my focus, nothing will ever defer my dreams.

William Stafford and Randall Jarrell

William Stafford and Randall Jarrell There are two poetry writers that have wrote very good pomes and have quite a few that are popular. To compare and line of merchandise two, it would have to be locomotion through the Dark by William Stafford and The Death of the freak gun turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell. These two authors have a distinct way and style they write there poems, that is why it makes sense to look at these two genuinely close and really see how they write and how they foreshorten the subject across. Both Staffords and Jarrells poem is in the book express in class so having read these two actions it is passably familiar what they are about. scarcely further reading is needed to really understand what these poets are trying to say and what they are writing about. So it is best to read these poems or any poem in general, more than one cadence. Just so it becomes easier to understand the words and the theme. To compare and contrast these two poems every level m akes a difference because that way the ratifier understands what is going on in the poem. When a poet begins to write a poem there is always that one message they are trying to get across or a little story they are trying to tell.So as a endorser, it is important to read a poem more than once to really understand it. Imagery is a big key that both of these poets use. This is good when writing so that the readers are provoke when reading the poem and to really draw mental pictures in the heads of the readers. Metaphor is also a big tool used in poetry, and without that many poems do not make sense. In both of these poems there is metaphor but it is not very clear to see sometimes. A lot of poets however meander on with words and sometimes is not clear on what they are trying to say.So with these two poems you see how one is easier to read than the other. In William Staffords Traveling through the Dark it is very clear on what he is writing about and the theme is simple to underst and. But in Randall Jarrells The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner it is not that easy to get if you just read the poem once. Randall Jarrell is a type of writer that criticizes a lot of other publications he does not like. He gives a lot of harsh criticism because he is a big fan of literature so by sightedness work that is badly written he is not afraid to come out and say something about it.But many other writers say over time he softens up because he is worried about the writers extinction. Even though he was really tough on other writers work, Jarrells passion for writing shows in his poetry. His poetry is more of the modern plain style which other famous writers use like Robert Frost. Jarrell likes to write about normal experiences that connect to the readers feelings. Not all of his poetry makes sense like The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner if it is only read once. Jarrell writes in a colloquial voice and mostly all his poems have no development in them.He will write about a topic and just go one and one but you do not see what he is really talking about at first. When you read Randall Jarrells work there is a lot of critical thinking that is involved and a lot of questions. For example in this poem the title says The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner and by seeing the word Gunner it makes sense to say this poem might be about war or a mavin plane. Jarrells other work was a lot about war because that is what he enjoyed to write about, so it only seems right that this poem is about war. But when you read it at first it seems as if he may be writing about an abortion.Because he uses the word mother, it may throw off the reader but he uses a lot of tomography in the poem, so when you think about it, it may connect to an abortion. The Gunner in this case could be the doctor and the Ball Turret could be the mothers womb. Since he connects a lot of his work to war the Ball Turret could be the demesne like space where the pilot of a jet fighter would be in and the Gunner of course would be the enemy. And when the character in the poem was attacked he went upside down in the turret, little sphere, and looked like a fetus in the womb.But when a reader reads it for the first time it is not as clear, so it is safe to say that Randall Jarrells type of writing is not as clear and makes the reader think bit reading. Jarrells poems were meant to have the reader really think about what they are reading to a point where one might get confused. So now there is the other side where it is ofttimes easier to read and comprehend what the author is saying. Staffords work is mostly always dealing with the outdoors and thats mainly because of where Stafford grew up. He is also known for his queer method of composition and soft spoken voice.You can easily tell by reading his work because he does not try to confuse the reader and just gets the main point of the poem out there. Unlike Jarrell, Stafford goes into a lot of detail and uses imagery to show the reader what to think about while reading. For example, his poem Traveling through the Dark is taken place along a roadside near the woods. The poem is viewed as a dramatic lyric because Stafford develops the scene just like a playwright. You have the characters (speaker, deer) setting (nighttime on Road) complication (swerve might make more curtly) action (dragged) rising tide (pushed deer over the edge).When you first read the poem it seems simple, that there is a dead deer on the road and the speaker pulls over and pushes the dead deer over the bank into the river. Yes the dead deer is pregnant because the character explains how he could feel the warmth on her belly, and yes he decides to roll it into the bank to hold back accidents. But why does Stafford write about a dead deer on the road. It is to show how a person unexpectedly faces a crisis which tests his or her incorrupt sensitivity in everyday life. And that is what Stafford mostly writes about, everyday life situ ations.So by looking at these two poets you can see that Randall Jarrell likes to write with so some(prenominal) passion and wants it to be so perfect that sometimes his work is not easily understood. Jarrell wants the reader to think about what they are really reading, but sometimes bores the reader. Now William Stafford also wants the reader to think about the theme but it is much clearer on how he sets up his poems. He uses more and clear imagery so that the reader can see what the main point to the poem is. And these two pieces of work are good examples on how these two poets write their feelings and thoughts down.

A Trip To Space mountain

It was a hot sunny day, when my parents finally took us to Disney World. My brother Bradley, my sister Kylie, and I endlessly asked my parents to show us the Wonderful World of dreams with paddy field Mouse and Snow-white walking by and greeting us as if we were royalty as thoroughly. Somehow these fairy tale creatures made us joyous without and true presents such as a new house for my Barbies, or a new racing track for my brothers Hot Wheels. Therefore, my parents judgement that Disney World was the best cho cover for their loving children.However, my parents can ensure eachbody that Disney can turn out to be a remarkable place for adults as well as children. Although that trip was all the way back in 2008, none of us could ever forget our experiences at the roller coaster with a mysterious take a crap Space Mountain. As my parents and eldest sister grew tired of the smell of sweet popcorn and them always seeming to wash the ice-cream off Bradleys glittery green shirt, they square offd to change the settings. Along with Bradley, Kylie and I pleaded to go to the roller coaster, and, having no other better idea, my father finally had to give up.I thought that my mother would be proud of him. Besides, they always had talked of have never had such an experience before, and thought of having such a ride was quite interesting at least. When we finally arrived at Space Mountain, the feeling of doubt started to crowd my mind. Being as I was only 9 years old, I felt sickish seeing the all black coaster zip down the track as if it were flying. I tried to convince my parents and siblings to just go back to the caf and eat ice cream, but I was the only one up for that. My siblings were too preoccupied over the fascination on this ride to even consider my request.The most harebrained was Kylie, who voluntarily climbed into the seat as Bradley followed after her. I figured that it was too late to turn back now I climbed into this metal box of terminal and awaite d my fate. As the workers made their round trips checking seatbelts, and telling us to enjoy the ride, one old man stopped by and asked me if I was okay. I round my tongue and nodded with a slight yes coming out of my mouth. At that moment, the only sibling who looked excited was Kylie. Bradley and I both gave the same look as to decide which one this contraption eats up first.I was not entirely sure of anything anymore. The only thing I was sure of what that I could feel my pulse drop into my stomach and my heart rate as is sped up. I was so fearful at the fact that this entire mechanism could stop working at any time. By then I could object to nothing, I closed my eyes and held them as if I were escaping back into a peaceful place with princesses and tea parties. As the ride took off I heard many different forms of both screaming and laughter, but I did not open my mouth for the duration of the hale ride.As the coaster came to a halt, I opened my eyes to see that the pain and t orture was now over. I quickly looked at my brother who had the same expression as I did. Knowing that going on that ride couldve gone much smoother without us. Looking back on that day in Disney world, I muted faintly remember the smell of the Magic in the air (or nearly stale cotton candy). However, a certain thought has always haunted me in decided to go back or not. If I had never gone on Space Mountain would I be afraid of roller coasters at present? I guess contemplating will do nothing. I guess until next time, Space Mountain.

Controlling Pollution Through Taxation And Pollution Licenses Environmental Sciences Essay

It is presently genuinely everyday to recommend tax revenue enhancement and defilement licences as indemnity step to command befoulment. However, both of these attacks beget with them significant troubles and, hence, should non be adopted . How farther do you hold with this statement?Let me get subject by giving my ain definition of Environmental Management. Put merely, Environmental Management involves the instruction of schemes with the last aim of modulating the pretend of human activities ( those of industries and persons ) on the environment utilizing scientific discipline, policy and socio frugal applications. It foc employs on allowing applied science to educate continuously while guaranting at the same clip that its forbidding impact on pictorial eco organisations is increa singly moderate or even eliminated ( where possible ) . The cardinal sentence here is allowing engineering to germinate while guaranting at the same clip that its inauspicious impact on natural ecoorganizations is increasingly puted or even eliminated . The environmental director appreciates the cardinal function that industries and their assorted engineerings play in the development of society and hence is non needfully against industrial activities. But he is besides cognizant of the effects and bank discount of rough of these engineerings on the environment befoulment. He hence is an advocator of the acceptance of environmentally friendly activities on base economic and industrial activities. This is my attitude sing the topic of taint program line particularly in industries. The relevance of this smirch allow go cle arr as one proceed in this topic of whether or non policy steps like revenue enhancement and contamination freedoms be adopted.Taxs on pollution and pollution licences are pollution control steps which are aimed at industries, houses or companies whose activities pollute the environment. They are economic instruments whose underlini ng form is that of follow internalisation, what is now known as the polluter Pays Principle PPP adopted by the brass for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) in 1972 ( Turner, 1992 ) . The basic thought behind this rule is that pollution of the environment has a cost which can be translated to a grocery store financial value and this cost should be compensable for merely like other goods and services. In this instance pollution includes any(prenominal) activity that involves the use or consequences in the debasement of environmental resources. So a production procedure which has for case involved the use or debasement of environmental resources should reflect the cost on the environment in its overall cost. more than by and large, the market pecuniary value of a good or service should include and and so reflect the cost of that good or service on the environment. By puting monetary value tickets on the environment ( including its vaunt assimilation mental obje ct ) exserts like pollution can be integrated into the economic domain and defilers can be whence made to internalize the cost for fouling the environment. In kernel, because the external societal costs of environmental pollution are paid by the polluting agent ( industries, in this instance ) this internalizes those outwardnesss into market determinations.As before stated pollution revenue enhancements and pollution licences are economic instruments which follow the Polluter Pays Principle, wherein defilers are made to pay for fouling. In the system of Pollution revenue enhancement which is called a crusade policy, houses are given the freedom to bring forth as much pollution as they ask but are required to pay a certain charge per building block of pollution. While the system of Pollution licences besides called movable discharge license, involves belongings rights which consists of a license to breathe pollutants. Each license entitles its holders to breathe as much pollutio n as is specified in the right. So if for illustration a defiler has bought 20 licenses, the defiler will be entitled to dispatch a upper limit of 20 units of the designated type of wastewater within a defined period of clip. What is alone about pollution licenses is that it is designed to work in a more decentralised manner i.e. the licenses are movable, they can be bought and sold among participators in the license market, at whatever monetary value is agreed upon by the participants themselves. In both instances defilers are allowed to foul at a certain monetary value.Possibly the first interrogative sentence that would come to mind so is how can the cost of pollution be accurately determined? peculiarly when you have to see the multiplied and associated effects environmental pollution incidents normally convey? Or sing that different pollutants come with different economical costs? No uncertainty the complex nature and industrial plant of the environment makes happening a mo netary value for environmental pollution rather a involved undertaking. Be that as it may, a sensible attack would be to get at an estimation that considers the cost of redress, compensation costs and other associated costs. Although an empirical appraisal of the harm impacts and their pecuniary equivalents will be far from exact, it will at least give something to work with and this is what the defiler pays rule does. Furthermore in my ain sentiment, the more of import inquiry should be how effectual is this rule as a pollution control step?The Pollution of Surface Waters Act ( PSWA ) enacted by the Dutch authorities in 1970, which place pollution charges on emanations into Dutch water ways is possibly one of the best arrows to the efficaciousness of this attack as a pollution control step ( Field, 2002 ) . The consequence of this policy was that Industry was laboured to cut down its annual organic emanation from 33.0 million PE in 1969 to 8.8 million PE in 1990. Pollution was reduced by 70 % in a infinite of 20 old ages. Quite effectual you will hold. By puting monetary value on pollution which once was free, industry was made to plan engineerings that produced less pollution. No 1 would hold thought that to be possible. The success of this policy-approach in the above mentioned instance is that Industry was motivated to develop better environmentally friendly practises without the governments holding to follow a command-and-control scheme. The Polluter Pays Principle on that pointfore is an economic inducement based attack which can efficaciously actuate industries to come up with better environmentally friendly practises. It acts as an inducement to introduce. With the debut of pollution charges houses will hold the inducement to seek for ways to cut down their pollution emanations, possibly by modifying their production procedure, altering fuel input or adding certain intervention installations. Interestingly economic theories tend to back up this thought in some ways.Economic theoretical accounts suggests that there is an optimal stagecoach of pollution where the fringy cost of cut drink pollution is equal to the fringy cost of the harm caused by such pollution. Puting charges on pollution would at least make an inducement for houses to cut down their pollution to this period.Figure 1 Cost-Benefit Model ( Turner, 1992 )The above diagram shows cost and benefits of fouling for a house that has to pay pollution charges per unit pollution, but its activity or production procedure entails production of waste ( pollution ) . Q represents its degree of activity and W represents the attach toing waste ( pollution ) . Qa represents the file below which waste generated can be assimilated by the Earth, therefore doing pollution of impermanent consequence. Any activity beyond Qb will bring forth waste that is beyond the assimilative capacity of the Earth. The Fringy Net Polluting Benefit ( MNPB ) is the benefit derived from alterin g its degree of activity by one unit while the Marginal External Cost is the value of harm done by the pollution produced aboard the activity. By holding to pay charges on pollution the house will be forced to be given towards Qa as it will non desire to pay so much. But for pollution charges the house would increasingly be given towards Qb and likely travel on fouling beyond the assimilative capacity of the Earth Wb. For optimal operation it has to work at a point of minimal pollution cost and maximal benefit. This is the point where MNPB and MEC meet i.e point X, known as the economic optimal degree of pollution. In kernel therefore the PPP tends to checkmate houses from runing with high pollution degrees.In add-on pollution charges are non based on a zero emanation mark as this is non even executable. Harmonizing to the theoretical account, there are degrees at which pollution is actually acceptable. The pollution control policy is determined around this socially acceptable degree and related ambient quality provinces. Puting a general monetary value for all pollution will efficaciously ensue in any mark for the entire burden from all houses being achieved at the lowest possible sum of wastewater costs. The deduction therefore is that it will be possible to extend to pollution control ( really touchable control since it covers a big spectrum of participants ) utilizing this policy. And in add-on to accomplishing pollution limits the policy tends to counterbalance the public assistance that was lost due to the pollution. Possibly it is of import at this point to observe that pollution every bit far as economic sciences is concerned occurs when physical pollution has resulted in loss of public assistance. In other words they pay harm costs in add-on to command costs. Lets non bury besides that the policy is a cost allotment rule that raises property for authorities. With this money authorities can advance greenish enterprises or more environmentally fr iendly engineerings ( and this is really cardinal to long term pollution decrease ) . Firms will by and large be forced to be more cautious in their activities as they know that they will be apt for any injury they might do. So why should nt the policy be adopted?Granted that there are some troubles and disadvantages with the policy but what is the overall cost compared with the overall benefit? There is the statement that piece of ground of the pollution charges are pushed to clients who end up paying. In other words its non wholly the defiler who pays. Well, that s true but we will hold to be reminded that pollution revenue enhancements really returns the market system to the Pareto efficiency so that although few may profit no 1 is worse off. Ordinary revenue enhancement tends to falsify the market and displacements it off from the Pareto solution but pollution revenue enhancement does the antonym. So its bad on one side but good on the other. It is true besides that monetary va lue may travel up with such policy and this will hold a shun consequence on the hapless but on the other manus that will be a good development for markets with more environmentally friendly merchandises as their merchandises will sell better. That being state I doubt that competitory force per unit area will let houses to increase monetary value without believing twice.One existent trouble with this policy I will acknowledge is the issue of pollution for which there was no cognition of inauspicious impact at the clip of happening. Bing a educatee of environmental engineering and direction I am cognizant that the consequence of certain actions particularly those that apportion with chemicals can take clip to be known. Take for case the instance of CFC s whose inauspicious consequence where merely discovered old ages after their industry. Even the ardent conservationists will hold that it is inequitable to keep histrions apt for pollution caused at the clip when injury was non reco gnized. This I agree is one really cardinal trouble with the policy. Another trouble would be accurate and right designation of the defiler since there can be complications.On the whole I do back up the acceptance of pollution licenses and pollution revenue enhancements where it is deemed executable. There is ground to believe that it is possible to cut down emanations to a degree that is acceptable for the environment. What is required is the motive. Up until late, houses had cultivated an attitude of being less concerned about the impact of their activities on the environment even when and where it was non needfully expensive to be more cautious. Economic instruments like pollution licenses and revenue enhancements will decidedly be utile in commanding pollution by pleasurable houses to be cautious about their activities.